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. 2022 Dec 28;20(1):494. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20010494

Table 5.

Odds ratio from the multinomial logistic regression model for the post-COVID-19 symptom classes (N = 506).

Brain Fog
OR [95%CI]
Breath Impairment
OR [95%CI]
Sensory Disorders
OR [95%CI]
Multiple Disorders
OR [95%CI]
(Intercept) 2.25 1.11 1.35 0.68
PID-5-BF NA 0.93 [0.64; 1.36] 0.79 [0.52; 1.2186] 0.85 [0.57; 1.29] 0.98 [0.60; 1.55]
PID-5-BF DE 1.43 [0.94; 2.09] 1.00 [0.63; 1.5602] 1.15 [0.72; 1.74] 0.84 [0.47; 1.32]
PID-5-BF AN 0.64 * [0.46; 0.92] 0.65 * [0.44; 0.9849] 0.66 * [0.45; 0.96] 0.68 [0.42; 1.04]
PID-5-BF DI 1.07 [0.77; 1.46] 0.86 [0.59; 1.2470] 1.06 [0.74; 1.49] 0.98 [0.64; 1.47]
PID-5-BF PS 0.94 [0.60; 1.46] 1.11 [0.68; 1.8353] 1.40 [0.88; 2.27] 1.16 [0.65; 1.98]
TAS-20 DIF 2.05 ** [1.23; 2.99] 3.17 ** [1.79; 5.1122] 1.90 ** [1.07; 2.84] 3.87 ** [1.91; 6.17]
TAS-20 DDF 0.69 [0.47; 1.02] 0.72 [0.46; 1.14] 0.76 [0.50; 1.17] 0.75 * [0.45; 1.25]
TAS-20 EOT 0.74 [0.52; 1.05] 0.79 [0.53; 1.17] 0.70 [0.48; 1.02] 0.44 * [0.28; 0.71]
IES-R Avoidance 0.88 [0.51; 1.35] 0.88 [0.49; 1.46] 1.04 [0.58; 1.64] 0.85 [0.41; 1.37]
IES-R Intrusion 1.05 [0.62; 1.97] 1.32 [0.70; 2.70] 0.88 [0.49; 1.76] 0.98 [0.51; 2.22]
IES-R Hyperarousal 2.54 ** [1.45; 4.39] 2.33 * [1.19; 4.44] 2.16 * [1.17; 3.94] 1.74 [0.86; 3.54]
Nagelkerke’s Pseudo-R2 0.24

Notes. ** p < 0.001; * p < 0.05. PID-5-BF = Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form, NA = Negative Affectivity, DE = Detachment, AN = Antagonism, DI = Disinhibition, PS = Psychoticism, TAS-20 = Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, DIF = Difficulty in Identifying Feelings, DDF = Difficulty in Describing Feelings, EOT = Externally Oriented Thinking, IES-R = Impact of Event Scale Revised.