Figure 2.

HR and 95% CI for ischemic heart disease excluding angina pectoris in relation to exposure to noise from road traffic (left) and railways (right) per 10 dB ${\mathrm{L}}_{\text{den}}$ during 5 y prior to the event according to covariates and air pollution exposure. p-Values are Wald $p_{\text{Interaction}}$ terms. Results are presented according to strata of potential effect modifiers based on separate models with interaction terms between transportation noise and each potential modifier, adjusted for age (by design), cohort (strata), sex (men/women), calendar year (in 5 y periods), educational level (low/medium/high), marital status (single/married), area-income (quartiles), and other noise sources indicator (yes/no: road, railway, and aircraft noise; for the three cohorts without aircraft noise information, all cohort members were assigned as no exposure). Note: Corresponding numeric data is available in the Supplementary Excel file “Numeric data for Figures EHP10745.” BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; IHD, ischemic heart disease; ${\mathrm{L}}_{\text{den}}$, day-evening-night noise level based on energy equivalent noise level over a whole day with a penalty of 10 dB(A) for nighttime noise (23.00–7.00) and a penalty of 5 dB(A) for evening noise (i.e. 19.00–23.00); ${\mathrm{NO}}_2$, nitrogen dioxide; ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of $\le 2.5\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{m}$ (fine particulate matter).