Table 1.
Administrative and baseline characteristics of nine included cohorts from Scandinavia () at study baseline.
| Copenhagen or Aarhus, DK | Denmark | Malmö, SE | Gothenburg, SE | Stockholm, SE | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristicsa | DCH | DNC | MDC | PPS | GOT-MONICA | SDPP | SIXTY | SNAC-K | SALT | Total |
| Follow-up period (y) | 1994–2016 | 1993–2016 | 1992–2017 | 1972–2011 | 1985–2011 | 1992–2011 | 1997–2017 | 2001–2016 | 1998–2016 | 1975–2017 |
| Median length of follow-upa (y) | 20.0 (4.0–20.5) | 15.5 (4.2–20.5) | 19.5 (2.7–24.7) | 21.5 (5.3–36.5) | 12.5 (2.5–17.5) | 20.1 (12.0–24.7) | 19.5 (6.0–20.0) | 14.5 (3.0–6.5) | 16.7 (6.7–19.0) | 19.7 (3.7–24.0) |
| Analytical sampleb (n) | 52,948 | 26,126 | 26,573 | 5,234 | 2,310 | 7,534 | 3,770 | 2,252 | 6,054 | 132,801 |
| Person-years (n) | 891,183 | 427,793 | 441,991 | 115,968 | 29,891 | 159,941 | 68,277 | 30,462 | 97,784 | 2,263,290 |
| IHD (n) | 10,086 | 3,271 | 5,024 | 1,849 | 137 | 368 | 584 | 396 | 744 | 22,459 |
| IHD excluding angina pectoris (n) | 5,027 | 1,479 | 3,054 | 1,441 | 83 | 221 | 348 | 273 | 473 | 12,399 |
| Myocardial infarction (n) | 2,606 | 668 | 2,265 | 1,222 | 70 | 170 | 227 | 160 | 294 | 7,682 |
| Fatal IHD (n) | 590 | 286 | 882 | 554 | 22 | 48 | 80 | 118 | 160 | 2,740 |
| Sex [n (%)] | ||||||||||
| Men | 24,699 (46.7) | 0 (0.0) | 10,112 (38.1) | 5,234 (100.0) | 1,089 (47.1) | 2,949 (39.1) | 1,756 (46.6) | 876 (38.9) | 2,675 (44.2) | 49,390 (37.2) |
| Women | 28,249 (53.3) | 26,126 (100.0) | 16,461 (61.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1,221 (52.9) | 4,585 (60.9) | 2,014 (53.4) | 1,376 (61.1) | 3,379 (55.8) | 83,411 (62.8) |
| Age at study baselinea (y) | 56.1 (50.8–64.2) | 51.0 (45.0–71.5) | 57.7 (47.2–71.4) | 55.0 (49.8–59.9) | 50.2 (31.8–67.1) | 47.9 (37.9–53.8) | 60.3 (60.2–60.6) | 72.2 (60.3–90.3) | 56.1 (44.3–78.8) | 55.4 (45.7–69.7) |
| Educational levelc (%) | ||||||||||
| Low | 15,856 (29.9) | 0 (0.0) | 18,000 (67.7) | 3,570 (68.2) | 470 (20.3) | 2,374 (31.5) | 1,480 (39.3) | 510 (22.6) | 1,585 (26.2) | 43,845 (33.0) |
| Medium | 24,552 (46.4) | 26,126 (100.0) | 4,719 (17.8) | 1,071 (20.5) | 1,164 (50.4) | 2,905 (38.6) | 1,226 (32.5) | 898 (39.9) | 2,216 (36.6) | 64,877 (48.9) |
| High | 12,540 (23.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3,854 (14.5) | 593 (11.3) | 676 (29.3) | 2,255 (29.9) | 1,064 (28.2) | 844 (37.5) | 2,253 (37.2) | 24,079 (18.1) |
| Marital statusd (%) | ||||||||||
| Single | 12,343 (23.3) | 7,681 (29.4) | 9,261 (34.9) | 742 (14.2) | 721 (31.2) | 1,246 (16.5) | 976 (25.9) | 1,138 (50.5) | 1,945 (32.1) | 36,053 (27.1) |
| Married | 40,605 (76.7) | 18,445 (70.6) | 17,312 (65.1) | 4,492 (85.8) | 1,589 (68.8) | 6,288 (83.5) | 2,794 (74.1) | 1,114 (49.5) | 4,109 (67.9) | 96,748 (72.9) |
| Area-level incomee (%) | ||||||||||
| 1st quartile | 17,557 (33.2) | 8,593 (32.9) | 6,164 (23.2) | 1,352 (25.8) | 505 (21.9) | 263 (3.5) | 165 (4.4) | 65 (2.9) | 429 (7.1) | 35,093 (26.4) |
| 2nd quartile | 11,904 (22.5) | 6,942 (26.6) | 5,580 (21.0) | 1,168 (22.3) | 351 (15.2) | 421 (5.6) | 324 (8.6) | 0 (0.0) | 623 (10.3) | 27,313 (20.6) |
| 3rd quartile | 8,956 (16.9) | 6,462 (24.7) | 7,068 (26.6) | 1,283 (24.5) | 500 (21.7) | 1,589 (21.1) | 908 (24.1) | 6 (0.3) | 1,107 (18.3) | 27,879 (21.0) |
| 4th quartile | 14,531 (27.4) | 4,129 (15.8) | 7,761 (29.2) | 1,431 (27.4) | 954 (41.2) | 5,261 (69.8) | 2,373 (62.9) | 2,181 (96.8) | 3,895 (64.3) | 42,516 (32.0) |
| Smoking status (%) | ||||||||||
| Current | 19,127 (36.1) | 9,193 (35.2) | 7,571 (28.5) | 2,089 (39.9) | 650 (28.1) | 1,983 (26.3) | 788 (20.9) | 349 (15.5) | 1,237 (20.4) | 42,987 (32.4) |
| Former | 14,723 (27.8) | 7,973 (30.5) | 8,766 (33.0) | 1,741 (33.3) | 543 (23.5) | 2,747 (36.5) | 1,449 (38.4) | 903 (40.1) | 2,157 (35.6) | 41,002 (30.9) |
| Never | 19,098 (36.1) | 8,960 (34.3) | 10,236 (38.5) | 1,404 (26.8) | 1,117 (48.4) | 2,804 (37.2) | 1,533 (40.7) | 1,000 (44.4) | 2,660 (44.0) | 48,812 (36.7) |
| Physical activityf (%) | ||||||||||
| Low | 27,194 (51.4) | 1,771 (6.8) | 13,570 (51.1) | 1,325 (25.3) | 402 (17.4) | 4,955 (65.8) | 2,602 (69.0) | 1,662 (73.8) | 3,280 (54.2) | 56,761 (42.7) |
| Medium | 10,422 (19.7) | 17,350 (66.4) | 5,516 (20.8) | 3,090 (59.0) | 1,452 (62.9) | 1,998 (26.5) | 882 (23.4) | 433 (19.2) | 2,217 (36.6) | 43,360 (32.7) |
| High | 15,332 (28.9) | 7,005 (26.8) | 7,487 (28.1) | 819 (15.7) | 456 (19.7) | 581 (7.7) | 286 (7.6) | 157 (7.0) | 557 (9.2) | 32,680 (24.6) |
| BMIa, | 25.5 (20.4–33.3) | 23.1 (19.2–30.1) | 25.2 (20.2–32.9) | 25.1 (20.7–30.5) | 24.5 (19.7–32.3) | 25.1 (20.4–33.3) | 26.1 (20.9–34.3) | 25.3 (19.9–32.8) | 24.1 (19.6–30.5) | 24.9 (20.0–32.6) |
| Smoking intensitya,g [g/d (among current smokers)] | 15.0 (5.0–32.1) | 15.0 (2.0–26.0) | 14.0 (1.0–30.0) | —g | 15.0 (4.0–25.0) | 15.0 (2.0–25.0) | 13.0 (2.0–25.0) | 10.0 (0.0–30.0) | 11.0 (2.0–25.0) | 15.0 (3.0–30.0) |
| Alcohol intakeh (%) | ||||||||||
| Daily | 10,418 (19.7) | 3,267 (12.8) | 4,338 (16.6) | —h | 23 (1.0) | 301 (4.0) | 210 (5.6) | 244 (10.8) | 549 (9.1) | 19,350 (15.3) |
| Weekly | 31,378 (59.3) | 15,310 (60.1) | 8,971 (34.3) | — | 814 (35.5) | 4,897 (65.2) | 1,508 (40.0) | 1,083 (48.1) | 3,867 (63.9) | 67,828 (53.7) |
| Seldom | 9,641 (18.2) | 2,917 (11.5) | 8,539 (32.7) | — | 1,292 (56.4) | 2,059 (27.4) | 1,689 (44.8) | 768 (34.1) | 1,469 (24.3) | 28,374 (22.4) |
| Never | 1,479 (2.8) | 3,976 (15.6) | 4,307 (16.4) | — | 164 (7.1) | 255 (3.4) | 361 (9.6) | 157 (7.0) | 167 (2.7) | 10,866 (8.6) |
Note: —, no data; BMI, body mass index; DCH, the Danish Diet Cancer and Health cohort; DK, Denmark; DNC, the Danish Nurse Cohort; GOT-MONICA, the Gothenburg cohort of “Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Diseases” (MONICA) project, Sweden; IHD, ischemic heart disease; MDC, the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort, Sweden; PPS, the Primary Prevention Study cohort, Gothenburg, Sweden; SDPP, the Stockholm Diabetes Preventive Program, Sweden; SE, Sweden; SIXTY, the 60-Years cohort, Stockholm, Sweden; SNAC-K, the Swedish National Study of Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, Stockholm, Sweden.
Median and 5th–95th percentiles, unless otherwise stated.
Exclusion of prevalent IHD cases and subjects with missing information on covariates in Model 2 (age, cohort, sex, calendar year, educational level, marital status, area-income, road traffic noise, or railway noise).
Educational level is defined as “low” for primary school or less, “medium” for up to secondary school or equivalent, and “high” for university degree and more.
Marital status “single” category includes widowed or never married; “married” also includes those living with a partner.
Registry-based data from small socioeconomically homogeneous areas with inhabitants, categorized in country-specific quartiles.
Physical activity during leisure-time is defined as “low” in those active once a month or per week; “medium” in those active about once a week or ; “high” in those active 3 times a week or more or h/wk.
No data on smoking intensity were available in the PPS cohort. In other cohorts such information was missing for up to 0.7%.
No data on alcohol intake were available in the PPS cohort. In other cohorts such information was missing for up to 2.5%.