Table 4.

Definitions of confirmed and probable cases of e-cigarette or vaping product use–associated lung injury as defined by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention^*

Confirmed Case
E-cigarette use in 90 d before symptom onset
AND
Pulmonary infiltrate, such as opacities, on plain film chest radiograph or ground-glass opacities on chest CT
AND
Absence of pulmonary infection on initial work-up. Minimum criteria are: 1.A negative respiratory viral panel† 2.A negative influenza PCR or rapid test, if local epidemiology supports influenza testing 3.All other clinically indicated respiratory infectious disease testing (e.g., urine antigen for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella, sputum culture if productive cough, BAL culture if done, blood culture, HIV-related opportunistic respiratory infections if appropriate) are negative
AND
No evidence in medical record of alternative plausible diagnoses (e.g., cardiac, rheumatologic, or neoplastic process)

Probable Case
E-cigarette use in 90 d before symptom onset
AND
Pulmonary infiltrate, such as opacities, on plain film chest radiograph or ground-glass opacities on chest CT
AND
Infection identified via culture or PCR, but clinical team‡ believes this infection is not the sole cause of the underlying lung injury OR minimum criteria to rule out pulmonary infection not met (testing not performed) and clinical team‡ believes infection is not the sole cause of the underlying lung injury
AND
No evidence in medical record of alternative plausible diagnoses (e.g., cardiac, rheumatologic, or neoplastic process)

Definition of abbreviations: BAL = bronchoalveolar lavage; CDC = U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease; CT = computed tomography; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

^*Materials developed by CDC.

^† This would include exclusion of COVID-19 infection since the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

^‡ Clinical team caring for the patient.