Table 1.
Baseline standard Doppler echo and strain measurements in power athletes compared with controls
| Variable | Power athletes (n=250) | Controls (n=180) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| IVSd (mm) | 12.4±2.1 | 8.3±3.1 | <0.001 |
| PWd (mm) | 12.1±1.9 | 7.7±3.3 | <0.001 |
| LVEDV (ml) | 118.4±12.3 | 112.4±15.6 | NS |
| LVESV (ml) | 36.9±8.1 | 35.4±6.2 | NS |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 171.3±25.4 | 88.6±18.6 | <0.0001 |
| RWT | 0.44±0.05 | 0.32±0.05 | <0.001 |
| Biplane LVEF (%) | 68.3±8.5 | 68.7±6.3 | NS |
| LV GLS (%) | −17.8±2.4 | −21.9±3.8 | <0.01 |
| MWE | 94.4±3.2 | 95.9±4.6 | NS |
| Myocardial wasted work (%) | 5.6±3.3 | 4.8±3.8 | NS |
| LV stroke volume (ml) | 82.3±23.8 | 76.3±17.9 | <0.01 |
| Mitral E velocity (cm/s) | 0.84±0.7 | 0.76±0.5 | <0.01 |
| Mitral A velocity (cm/s) | 0.51±0.6 | 0.50±0.3 | NS |
| E/A ratio | 1.6±0.5 | 1.48±0.8 | <0.01 |
| Mitral septal E’ velocity (cm/s) | 0.19±0.3 | 0.18±0.6 | NS |
| Mitral lateral E’ velocity (cm/s) | 0.20±0.3 | 0.19±0.7 | NS |
| E/e’ratio | 4.5±3.1 | 4.3±3.3 | NS |
| Aortic root diameter (mm) | 33.3±3.2 | 29.8±3.7 | NS |
| LAVI (ml/m²) | 29.4±4.1 | 26.9±5.4 | <0.01 |
| PASP (mmHg) | 28.5±5.8 | 20.5±6.3 | <0.01 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 22.4±3.4 | 23.8±4.4 | NS |
| Tricuspid S’ velocity (cm/s) | 14.8±3.3 | 15.9±4.9 | NS |
| B-lines (median and IQR) | 0.70 (0-15) | 0.62 (0-15) | NS |
IVSd=Interventricular septum thickness at end diastole, PWd=Posterior wall thickness at end diastole, RWT=Relative wall thickness, LV=Left ventricle, LVEDD=LV end diastolic diameter, LVEF=LV ejection fraction, LV GLS=LV global longitudinal strain, LAVI=Left atrial volume index, PASP=Systolic pulmonary artery pressure, TAPSE=Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, LVEDV=LV end-diastolic volume, LVESV=LV end-systolic volume, IQR=Interquartile range, NS=Not significant, MWE=Myocardial work efficiency, LVESD=LV end systolic diameter