Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Control Group | Stroke Survivors | p-Value | Control Group | Stroke Survivors without Disability | Stroke Survivors with Disability | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 294,506) | (N = 207,678) | (N = 294,506) | (N = 185,183) | (N = 22,495) | |||
| Age | 64.56 ± 12.2 | 64.6 ± 12.11 | 0.268 | 64.56 ± 12.2 | 64.38 ± 12.26 | 66.42 ± 10.61 | <0.001 |
| Sex, male | 182,928 (62.1) | 129,674 (62.4) | 0.019 | 182,928 (62.1) | 115,021 (62.1) | 14,653 (65.1) | <0.001 |
| Income, low 25% | 55,466 (18.8) | 44,770 (21.6) | <0.001 | 55,466 (18.8) | 39,216 (21.2) | 5554 (24.7) | <0.001 |
| Place, urban | 129,826 (44.1) | 84,428 (40.7) | <0.001 | 129,826 (44.1) | 75,758 (40.9) | 8670 (38.5) | <0.001 |
| Regular exercise | 65,370 (22.2) | 38,795 (18.7) | <0.001 | 65,370 (22.2) | 34,908 (18.9) | 3887 (17.3) | <0.001 |
| Follow up duration | 4.89 ± 2.59 | 3.31 ± 2.8 | <0.001 | 4.89 ± 2.59 | 3.33 ± 2.81 | 3.19 ± 2.77 | <0.001 |
| DM | 52,235 (17.7) | 60,984 (29.4) | <0.001 | 52,235 (17.7) | 53,423 (28.9) | 7561 (33.6) | <0.001 |
| HTN | 145,176 (49.3) | 158,136 (76.1) | <0.001 | 145,176 (49.3) | 139,678 (75.4) | 18,458 (82.1) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 97,759 (33.2) | 138,773 (66.8) | <0.001 | 97,759 (33.2) | 123,697 (66.8) | 15,076 (67.0) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| None | 172,707 (58.6) | 113,310 (54.6) | 172,707 (58.6) | 100,907 (54.5) | 12,403 (55.1) | ||
| Ex- | 66,065 (22.4) | 37,369 (18.0) | 66,065 (22.4) | 33,245 (18.0) | 4124 (18.3) | ||
| Current | 55,734 (18.9) | 56,999 (27.5) | 55,734 (18.9) | 51,031 (27.6) | 5968 (26.5) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| None | 174,887 (59.4) | 122,215 (58.9) | 174,887 (59.4) | 108,200 (58.4) | 14,015 (62.3) | ||
| Mild | 98,326 (33.4) | 66,813 (32.2) | 98,326 (33.4) | 60,287 (32.6) | 6526 (29.0) | ||
| Heavy | 21,293 (7.2) | 18,650 (9.0) | 21,293 (7.2) | 16,696 (9.0) | 1954 (8.7) | ||
| CCI | 1.58 ± 1.75 | 4.15 ± 2.31 | <0.001 | 1.58 ± 1.75 | 4.15 ± 2.31 | 4.57 ± 2.37 | <0.001 |
| BMI | 24.07 ± 3.07 | 24.22 ± 3.24 | <0.001 | 24.07 ± 3.07 | 24.22 ± 3.24 | 24.44 ± 3.33 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference | 83.07 ± 8.53 | 83.83 ± 8.7 | <0.001 | 83.07 ± 8.53 | 83.83 ± 8.7 | 85.03 ± 8.72 | <0.001 |
| Glucose | 103.47 ± 26.1 | 110.35 ± 37.96 | <0.001 | 103.47 ± 26.1 | 110.35 ± 37.96 | 111.34 ± 38.29 | <0.001 |
| SBP | 127.12 ± 15.33 | 132.28 ± 17.74 | <0.001 | 127.12 ± 15.33 | 132.28 ± 17.74 | 132.99 ± 17.68 | <0.001 |
| DBP | 77.45 ± 9.84 | 80.54 ± 11.52 | <0.001 | 77.45 ± 9.84 | 80.54 ± 11.52 | 80.64 ± 11.35 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol | 195 ± 38.12 | 197.89 ± 40.78 | <0.001 | 195 ± 38.12 | 197.89 ± 40.78 | 196.38 ± 40.6 | <0.001 |
| TG | 117.8 (117.58–118.03) | 126.64 (126.35–126.93) | <0.001 | 117.8 (117.58–118.03) | 126.43 (126.12–126.74) | 128.42 (127.54–129.3) | <0.001 |
| GFR | 85.68 ± 43.19 | 83.92 ± 40.03 | <0.001 | 85.68 ± 43.19 | 83.92 ± 40.03 | 84.02 ± 42.15 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TG, triglyceride; GFR, glomerular filtration rate.