Table 4.
Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRR) between risk factors and Post-COVID Syndrome in a 3 and 6-month follow-up considering 400 patients in a tertiary level hospital in Brasilia, Federal District in 2020.
| 3 Months | 6 Months e | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | PCS | PR | PRR a (95% CI) | aPRR a,b,c (95% CI) | n | PCS | PR | PRR a (95% CI) | aPRR a,b,d (95% CI) | |
| Total | 400 | 323 | 0.81 | 362 | 220 | 0.61 | ||||
| Age | ||||||||||
| ≥57 years | 199 | 164 | 0.82 | 1.04 (0.94–1.14) | 0.99 (0.89–1.11) | 180 | 113 | 0.63 | 1.07 (0.90–1.26) | 1.02 (0.86–1.20) |
| <57 years | 201 | 159 | 0.79 | Ref | Ref | 182 | 107 | 0.59 | Ref | Ref |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Female | 193 | 177 | 0.92 | 1.3 (1.18–1.43) | 1.28 (1.16–1.41) | 171 | 130 | 0.76 | 1.61 (1.36–1.92) | 1.60 (1.34–1.90) |
| Male | 207 | 146 | 0.70 | Ref | Ref | 191 | 90 | 0.47 | Ref | Ref |
| Race (White x non-white) | ||||||||||
| Non-white | 260 | 210 | 0.81 | 1.00 (0.91–1.11) | 0.98 (0.88–1.08) | 240 | 144 | 0.60 | 0.96 (0.81–1.14) | 0.95 (0.80–1.12) |
| White | 140 | 113 | 0.81 | Ref | Ref | 122 | 76 | 0.62 | Ref | Ref |
| Educational status (years of schooling) | ||||||||||
| ≥12 years | 204 | 166 | 0.80 | 1.02 (0.92–1.12) | 1.11 (1.00–1.24) | 186 | 113 | 0.61 | 1.00 (0.85–1.18) | 1.06 (0.89–1.26) |
| <12 years | 196 | 157 | 0.81 | Ref | Ref | 176 | 107 | 0.61 | Ref | Ref |
| Individual income | ||||||||||
| ≤R$ 1500 | 183 | 157 | 0.86 | 1.12 (1.02–1.23) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 166 | 109 | 0.65 | 1.16 (0.98–1.37) | 1.09 (0.92–1.29) |
| >R$ 1500 | 217 | 166 | 0.76 | Ref | Ref | 196 | 111 | 0.57 | Ref | Ref |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||||
| Yes | 290 | 241 | 0.83 | 1.11 (0.99–1.26) | 261 | 164 | 0.63 | 1.13 (0.93–1.38) | ||
| No | 110 | 82 | 0.74 | Ref | 101 | 56 | 0.55 | Ref | ||
| Hypertension | ||||||||||
| Yes | 196 | 161 | 0.83 | 1.05 (0.95–1.15) | 175 | 113 | 0.65 | 1.13 (0.96–1.33) | ||
| No | 204 | 162 | 0.79 | Ref | 187 | 107 | 0.57 | Ref | ||
| Diabetes | ||||||||||
| Yes | 113 | 100 | 0.88 | 1.14 (1.04–1.24) | 1.09 (1.00–1.19) | 98 | 69 | 0.70 | 1.23 (1.04–1.45) | 1.15 (0.97–1.36) |
| No | 287 | 223 | 0.78 | Ref | Ref | 264 | 151 | 0.57 | Ref | Ref |
| Obesity | ||||||||||
| Yes | 57 | 50 | 0.88 | 1.10 (0.99–1.23) | 54 | 40 | 0.74 | 1.27 (1.05–1.52) | 1.22 (1.03–1.45) | |
| No | 343 | 273 | 0.80 | Ref | 308 | 180 | 0.58 | Ref | Ref | |
| Hypercholesterolemia | ||||||||||
| Yes | 43 | 40 | 0.93 | 1.17 (1.06–1.29) | 1.15 (1.04–1.27) | 38 | 26 | 0.68 | 1.14 (0.90–1.44) | |
| No | 357 | 283 | 0.79 | Ref | Ref | 324 | 194 | 0.60 | Ref | |
| Hypothyroidism | ||||||||||
| Yes | 30 | 28 | 0.93 | 1.17 (1.05–1.30) | 27 | 20 | 0.74 | 1.24 (0.97–1.58) | ||
| No | 370 | 295 | 0.80 | Ref | 335 | 200 | 0.60 | Ref | ||
| Supplemental oxygen | ||||||||||
| Yes | 344 | 279 | 0.81 | 1.02 (0.87–1.18) | 310 | 186 | 0.60 | 0.92 (0.73–1.14) | 0.86 (0.70–1.06) | |
| No | 56 | 44 | 0.79 | Ref | 52 | 34 | 0.65 | Ref | Ref | |
| Length of hospital stay | ||||||||||
| >8 days | 198 | 168 | 0.85 | 1.10 (1.00–1.21) | 1.08 (0.98–1.20) | 176 | 112 | 0.64 | 1.10 (0.93–1.29) | |
| ≤8 days | 202 | 155 | 0.77 | Ref | Ref | 186 | 108 | 0.58 | Ref | |
| Pronation | ||||||||||
| Yes | 130 | 105 | 0.81 | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) | 118 | 77 | 0.65 | 1.12 (0.94–1.32) | 1.15 (1.06–1.25) | |
| No | 270 | 217 | 0.81 | 244 | 142 | 0.58 | Ref | Ref | ||
| Severity | ||||||||||
| Mild | 56 | 44 | 0.79 | Ref | 52 | 34 | 0.65 | Ref | ||
| Moderate | 253 | 203 | 0.80 | 1.04 (0.89–1.20) | 230 | 134 | 0.58 | 0.89 (0.71–1.12) | ||
| Severe | 91 | 75 | 0.83 | 1.08 (0.91–1.27) | 80 | 52 | 0.65 | 0.99 (0.77–1.28) | ||
N: number of patients, PSC: post-COVID syndrome, PR: prevalance, PRR:prevalance ratio, aPRR: adjusted prevalance ratio, Ref: reference category; a: calculated by Poisson regression with robust variance; b: adjusted using forward stepwise regression selecting variables with a value of p < 0.20 in the univariable analysis. Age, sex, educational status, and individual income were retained irrespective of the p-value; c: Adjusted using age, sex, educational status, individual income, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and length of hospital stay; d: adjusted using age, sex, educational status, individual income, obesity, supplemental oxygen, and pronation; e: follow-up loss of 38 patients.