Table 1.
Salient features of the major T cell-mediated human autoimmune diseases.
| Name | Main Organs Affected * |
Genetic Susceptibility |
Self-Antigens Targeted |
Drugs Used | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (e.g., HLA allele) | (representative) | (examples) | |||
| Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) |
Synovial joints |
DRB1 * 01/* 04/ * 10 |
CII, Hsp65 | NSAIDs, DMARDs |
[55] |
| Multiple sclerosis (MS) |
Central nervous system |
DRB1 * 1501 | MBP, PLP | IFN-β, Glatiramer, Fingolimod |
[63,64] |
| Type 1 Diabetes |
Pancreatic β-islets |
DRB1 * 0301/ * 0401 |
Insulin, GAD65 | Insulin | [65] |
| (T1D) | |||||
| Ulcerative colitis (UC) |
Colon | HLA ADCY7 |
Gut microbial antigens |
Anti-TNF | [66,67] |
| Psoriasis | Skin | HLA-Cw6 (PSORS1) |
Cathelicidin LL-37 ADAMTSL5 |
Anti-TNF, MTX |
[68] |
* other organs may also be affected to varying extent in different diseases. HLA = human leukocyte antigen, CII- type II collagen, Hsp65 = heat-shock protein 65, MBP = myelin-basic protein, PLP = proteolipid protein, GAD = glutamic acid decarboxylase, NSAIDs= non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, DMARDs = disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, IFN-beta= interferon-β; ADCY7 = adenylate cyclase 7 gene; LL-37 = cathelicidin peptide; ADAMTSL5 = melanocyte antigen, a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain containing thrombospondin type 1 motif-like 5; MTX = methotrexate; TNFα= tumor-necrosis factor alpha.