Figure 8.

Reactive oxygen species staining and physiological indices in ZmDHN15 transgenic Arabidopsis: (A) Chlorophyll (CHL) content. (B) Malondialdehyde (MDA) content. (C) Electrolytic leakage (EL) rate. (D) Superoxide radical (O₂⁻) content in leaves. (E) Hydrongen peroxide (H₂O₂) content in leaves. (F) Analysis of peroxidase dismutase (POD) activity. (G) Analysis of catalase (CAT) activity. (H) Analysis of ascorbate peroxidase dismutase (APX) activity. (I) Analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. (J) NBT staining was performed on Col−0 and transgenic lines subjected to 24 h cold stress to monitor ROS production in leaves under cold stress. Control: group not under cold stress, cold stress: low−temperature stress at 4 °C for 24 h. Scale bars represent 1 cm. Data were expressed as the mean of triplicate values, and the error represented the SD. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences: Non−significant (ns), p < 0.05 (*) and p < 0.01 (**).