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. 2022 Dec 28;24(1):480. doi: 10.3390/ijms24010480

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Analysis of ROS-related marker genes and cold-response-related genes in transgenic plants. (A–C) ROS-related marker genes expression analysis. (D–I) Cold-response-related genes expression analysis. Control: before the low-temperature stress at 4 ℃, cold stress: low-temperature stress at 4 ℃ for 24 h. The expression level was normalized to that of AtACTIN1. Data were expressed as the mean of triplicate values, and the error represented the SD. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences: Non- significant (ns), p < 0.05 (*) and p < 0.01 (**).