Figure 2.

A classic wound healing model shows the importance of transitioning from the inflammatory to proliferative phases during the repair process. Normal wound healing typically progresses via activation of an innate immune program involving inflammatory cell recruitment. Anti-inflammatory responses are triggered through several mechanisms, including efferocytosis, to suppress inflammation and initiate repair events. These reparative phases comprise re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, angiogenesis and collagen deposition. Dysregulation of inflammatory responses in case of, for example, diabetes, aging and immunosuppressive diseases fail to transition to the proliferation phase, thereby inducing delayed wound healing or chronic injuries.