Figure 3.

Effects of VANL-100, NAR, ALA, and NAR + ALA on cell viability. Cell viability, represented as % control, is shown on the y-axis, and antioxidant concentrations are displayed on the x-axis. The bars represent the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Cells were incubated with different concentrations of each antioxidant and combination (0.2, 2.0, 20, 50, 100 and 200 μM). (A) VANL-100; (B) NAR alone; (C) ALA alone; (D) NAR + ALA. None of the antioxidant compounds at any dose significantly induced cell loss or reduced cell viability. Statistical significance vs. controls was assessed using one-way ANOVA. p < 0.05.