Table 1.
Non-specific and specific therapies for Lipoprotein(a) reduction. HMG-CoA = HydroxyMethylGlutaryl CoA; PCSK9 = Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin-type-9; siRNA = small interfering RiboNucleic Acid; ApoB = Apolipoprotein B; ASO = antisense oligonucleotide.
| Non-Specific Therapies | ||||
| Name | %Lp(a) Reduction | Mechanism of Action | Administration | Experimental Phase |
| Statins | controversial | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | Oral | No |
| Niacin | 20 | Triglycerides production inhibitor | Oral | No |
| Alirocumab | 23.5 | Anti-PCSK9 antibodies | Subcutaneous (every 2 weeks) | No |
| Evolocumab | 29.5 | Anti-PCSK9 antibodies | Subcutaneous (every 2 weeks) | No |
| Inclisiran | 25.6 | siRNA inhibiting PCSK9 | Subcutaneous (every 6 months) | No |
| Mipomersen | 21–50 | Decreases apoB synthesis | Subcutaneous (weekly) | No |
| Specific Therapies (All Experimental) | ||||
| Name | %Lp(a) Reduction | Mechanism of Action | Administration | Experimental Phase |
| Pelacarsen | 80 | ASO inhibiting apo(a) | Subcutaneous (every 1 month) | Phase 3 ongoing (patients enrollment complete), result expected for mid 2025 |
| Olpasiran | 94–98 | siRNA inhibiting apo(a) | Subcutaneous (every 3 months) | Phase 2 finished (results not yet published), Phase 3 planned to start in December 2022 |
| SLN360 | 98 | siRNA inhibiting apo(a) | Subcutaneous (probably every 6 months) | Phase 1 finished, Phase 2 planned to start in December 2022 |
| LY3819469 | unknown | siRNA inhibiting apo(a) | Subcutaneous (timing unknown) | Phase 1 finished but results not yet presented, Phase 2 registered on clinicaltrial.gov |