Table 3.
Effects of isorhamnetin on body weight, adipose tissue and serum parameters in rodents.
| Reference | Compound | Experimental Design |
Effects | Mechanisms of Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isorhamnetin | ||||
| Zhang et al. (2016) [19] | Isorhamnetin 1% in the diet Isorhamnetin 100 mg/kg BW/day by gavage |
Female 7-week-old C57/BL6 mice Standard or high-fat diet (60% energy from fat) Experimental period length: 4 weeks Female 12-week-old C57BL/KsJ-ob/ob mice Standard diet Experimental period length: 2 weeks |
↓ Body weight ↓ Size of visceral adipocytes ↓ Fasting serum glucose and insulin levels and insulin resistance ↓ Leptin resistance ↓ Serum TG, total-cholesterol and FFA NS LDL- and HDL-cholesterol NS Body weight ↑ Glucose tolerance ↓ Serum TG NS serum total-, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol |
NS Pparγ, Ap2 and Lpl gene expression ↓ Cd36, Scd1 and Srebp1c gene expression NS FAS gene expression ↓ Pparγ, Ap2 Cd36, Lpl, Acc gene expression |
| Ganbold et al. (2019) [21] | Isorhamnetin 50 mg/kg BW/day |
Male 7-week-old C57BL/6J mice with NASH Standard or high-fat diet (60% of energy from fat) Experimental period length: 2 weeks |
NS body weight, adipose tissue and adipocyte size NS serum total and HDL-cholesterol |
|
| Isorhamnetin glycosides | ||||
| Rodríguez-Rodríguez et al. (2015) [34] |
Opuntia fucus-indica extract with isorhamnetin glycosides 0.3% or 0.6% in the diet |
Male 8-week-old C57BL/6NCrl mice Standard or high-fat diet (45% of energy from fat) Experimental period length: 12 weeks |
Body weight ↑ Energy expenditure ↓ Adipocyte size in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues ↓ Serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol (0.6%) NS Serum TG ↓ Serum glucose and insulin levels and HOMA-IR ↓ Serum leptin |
|
ACC: acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase; AP2: adipose fatty acid-binding protein 2; BW: body weight; CD36: cluster of Differentiation 36; FAS: fatty acid synthase; FFA: free fatty acids; HOMA-IR: insulin resistance homeostatic model assessment; LPL: lipoprotein lipase; NASH: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; NS: not significant changes; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ; SCD1: stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1; SREBP1c: sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c; TG: triglyceride; UCP2: uncoupling protein 2. ↓: decrease; ↑: increase.