Fig. 4 |. Neural engagement increased on the first trial of a learning task regardless of its impact on task performance.

a,b, Schematics depicting how increased neural engagement can lead to either faster (a) or slower (b) cursor speeds toward the target direction under the new BCI mapping. Same conventions as Fig. 3c. c, Distribution of the increase in neural engagement on the first trial to each target during block 2, as a function of whether performance under the new mapping was expected to be improved or impaired by an increase in neural engagement (as in a and b). Triangles depict the median of each distribution.