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. 2023 Jan 2;24(1):781. doi: 10.3390/ijms24010781

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Current paradigm on the activation of major Th subpopulations in different phases and endotypes of AD. The immunological imbalance is interdependent with epidermal barrier defect, which produces the vicious cycle of AD. Legend: AD—atopic dermatitis, ↔—no effect, ↑—upregulation, ↑↑—significant upregulation, ↓—downregulation.