Table 2.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of experimental and control groups of trials included in the systematic review. TR = Telerehabilitation; CI = conventional intervention; NI = no intervention.
| Study | Group | Subjects [N] | Sex [N Male; Female] | Age (y) [M; SD] |
HFLEF | HF Etiologies | VO2 [M; SD] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [18] | TR | 20 | 18; 2 | 65.50; - | 5% Medium; 20% Medium-Reduced; 75% Reduced |
55% Ischemic; 45% non-ischemic | - |
| CI | 20 | 16; 4 | 71.20; - | 15% Medium; 35% Medium-Reduced; 50% Reduced | 75% Ischemic; 25% non-ischemic | - | |
| NI | 20 | 17; 3 | 61.40; - | 20% Medium; 30% Medium-Reduced; 50% Severe | 65% Ischemic; 35% non-ischemic | - | |
| [19] | TR | 24 | 19; 5 | 68.00; 14.00 | Reduced (LVEF% = 36.00 ± 16.00) | 58% Ischemic; 4% valvular; 17% idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy; 13% HF with preserved EF | - |
| CI | 29 | 21; 8 | 67.00; 11.00 | Reduced (LVEF% = 35.00 ± 17.00) | 52% Ischemic; 3% valvular; 21% idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy; 7% HF with preserved EF | - | |
| [20] | TR | 15 | 9; 6 | 59.80; 10.00 | Medium (LVEF% = 44.50 ± 17.30) | 6% Ischemic; 43% dilated cardiomyopathy; 14% sarcoidosis; 7% amyloidosis; 7% hypertensive; 29% other | - |
| CI | 15 | 7; 8 | 67.70; 8.90 | Reduced (LVEF% = 39.90 ± 17.80) | 20% Ischemic; 25% dilated cardiomyopathy; 25% sarcoidosis; 8% amyloidosis; 17% hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; 25% other | - | |
| [21] | TR | 49 | 28; 21 | - | Reduced (LVEF% = 34.03 ± 6.64) | 61.2% Ischemic; 14.3% valvular; 14.3% idiopathic cardiomyopathy; 10.2% other | - |
| NI | 49 | 30; 19 | - | Reduced (LVEF% = 34.07 ± 6.66) | 59.2% Ischemic; 18.4% valvular; 14.3%; idiopathic cardiomyopathy; 8.1% other | - | |
| [22] | TR | 75 | 64; 11 | 54.40; 10.90 | Reduced (LVEF% = 30.00 ± 8.00) | 66.7% Ischemic; 33.3% non-ischemic | 16.10; 4.00 |
| NI | 32 | 31; 1 | 62.10; 12.50 | Reduced (LVEF% = 34.00 ± 6.00) | 84.4% Ischemic; 15.6% non-ischemic | 17.40; 3.30 | |
| [23] | TR | 36 | 31; 5 | 52.60; 10.12 | Reduced (LVEF% = 32.00 ± 7.00) | 69.4% Ischemic; 30.6% non-ischemic | 16.98; 4.02 |
| NI | 15 | 15; 0 | 61.40; 13.20 | Reduced (LVEF% = 33.00 ± 8.00) | 80.0% Ischemic; 20.0% non-ischemic | 17.90; 3.61 | |
| [24] | TR | 425 | 377; 48 | 62.60; 10.80 | Reduced (LVEF% = 31.00 ± 7.00) | 66.1% Ischemic; 33.9% non-ischemic | 16.9; 6.0 |
| NI | 425 | 376; 49 | 62.20; 10.20 | Reduced (LVEF% = 30.00 ± 7.00) | 64.5% Ischemic; 35.5% non-ischemic | 16.6; 6.0 | |
| [25] | TR | 75 | 64; 11 | 56.40; 10.90 | Reduced (LVEF% = 30.20 ± 8.20) | 73.3% Ischemic; 26.7% non-ischemic | 17.80; 4.10 |
| CI | 56 | 53; 3 | 60.50; 8.80 | Reduced (LVEF% = 30.80 ± 6.70) | 85.7% Ischemic; 14.3% non-ischemic | 17.90; 4.40 | |
| [26] | TR | 20 | 15; 5 | 57.80; 8.10 | Reduced (LVEF% = 27.80 ± 8.80) | - | 10.10; 3.10 |
| NI | 20 | 14; 6 | 58.90; 6.90 | Reduced (LVEF% = 26.00 ± 8.30) | - | 10.10; 2.80 | |
| [27] | TR1 | 17 | - | 51.76; 9.83 | Reduced (LVEF% = 29.59 ± 6.61) | 15.40;2.70 | |
| TR2 | 17 | - | 50.82; 9.45 | Reduced (LVEF% = 31.00 ± 5.02) | - | 15.60; 2.70 | |
| NI | 11 | - | 53.00; 8.19 | Reduced (LVEF% = 31.55 ± 5.77) | - | 15.70; 3.00 | |
| [28] | TR | 26 | 25; 1 | 60.00; 8.50 | Reduced (LVEF% < 35) | 42.6% Ischemic; 34.5% Other, 23.1% Unknown | 13.00; 2.30 |
| NI | 26 | 22; 4 | 65.10; 8.20 | 50.0% Ischemic; 46.2% Other, 3.8% Unknown | 10.70; 3.20 |