| Abbreviation | Full Name |
| ESRD | end-stage renal disease |
| DKD | diabetic kidney diseases |
| IFTA | interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy |
| CKD | chronic kidney disease |
| eGFR | estimated glomerular filtration rate |
| UACR | urine albumin/create ratio |
| T2DM | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| DR | diabetic retinopathy |
| Hb | hemoglobin |
| HbA1c | Glycosylated Hemoglobin, Type A1C |
| RAAS | renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system |
| ACEI | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors |
| ARBs | angiotensin II receptor blockers |
| EPO | erythropoietin |
| ESAs | erythropoiesis stimulating agents |
| HIF-PHI | hypoxia inducible factor proline hydroxylase inhibitor |
| SGLT2 | Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 |
| AKI | acute kidney injury |
| SBP | systolic pressure |
| DBP | diastolic blood pressure |
| Cys-C | Cystatin C |
| BUN | blood urea nitrogen |
| HDL-C | High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol |
| LDL-C | Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol |
| NDRD | non diabetic renal disease |