Table 2.

Lugano and Paris staging systems for gastrointestinal lymphomas [29,30].

Stage	Lugano System	Paris System	Tumor Extension
I	Tumor confined to GI tract (single, primary site or multiple, noncontiguous lesions)	T1m N0 M0	Mucosa
		T1sm N0 M0	Submucosa
		T2 N0 M0	Muscularis propria
		T3 N0 M0	Serosa
II	Tumor extending into abdomen	NA	NA
II1	Local nodal involvement	T1–3 N1 M0	Perigastric lymph nodes
II2	Distant nodal involvement	T1–3 N2 M0	More distant regional lymph nodes
IIE	Perforation of serosa to involve adjacent organs or tissues	T4 N0–2 M0	Invasion of adjacent structures with or without invasion of abdominal lymph nodes
IV	Disseminated extranodal involvement or concomitant supradiaphragmatic nodal involvement	T1–4 N3 M0	Extra-abdominal lymph nodes
		T1–4 N0–3 M1	and/or additional distant GI/non-GI sites
		T1–4 N0–3 M2	BM not assessed
		T1–4 N0–3 M0–2 BX	BM not involved
		T1–4 N0–3 M2 B1	BM involvement

BM: bone marrow; GI: gastrointestinal; NA: not available.