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. 2023 Jan 3;24(1):881. doi: 10.3390/ijms24010881

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Reprogramming of bone marrow MSCs into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and generation of iMSCs from same donor-origin iPSCs. (A) Characterization of iPSCs established from primary MSCs. Microscopic examination for morphology in bright field (BF) and expression of indicated pluripotency markers by immunofluorescence analysis. Representative images are shown. (B) Immunofluorescence analysis of tri-lineage differentiation potential of iPSCs using endodermal markers (SOX17, FOXA2), mesodermal markers (α-SMA and DESMIN) and ectodermal markers (NESTIN, TUJ1). Nuclei were stained with DAPI. (C) Karyotyping of established iPSCs by G-banding analysis confirming normal human karyotypes. (D) Schematic diagram of the process for induction of MSCs from iPSC. (E) Flow cytometry analysis of MSC markers CD34⁻/CD45⁻, CD73⁺, CD90⁺, CD105⁺ in MSCs and donor-matched iMSCs. The number represents each individual donor.