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. 2023 Jan 3;24(1):864. doi: 10.3390/ijms24010864

Figure 2.

Figure 2

JAK/STAT signaling pathway. The cell ligand interacts with its receptor to cause receptor dimerization. The connection between the ligand and the receptor induces transphosphorylation of JAK. Activated JAK causes tyrosine phosphorylation of the bound receptor, forming a docking site for STATs. In the next step, JAK phosphorylates STAT, and then STAT dissociates from the receptor and forms homodimers or heterodimers through SH2-domain–phosphotyrosine interactions. These dimers translocate to target gene promoters, regulating the transcription of the target genes [11,72]. Steps are as follows: (1) Ligand binds to the receptor, (2) JAK auto-phosphorylates, (3) STAT binds to JAK and JAK phosphorylates STAT, (4) STAT forms homo-dimer; therefore, the homo-dimer enters the nucleus, binding to DNA, targeting gene transcription.