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Schematic representation of ApoE4 subcellular localization and potential effects on transcriptional regulation and mitochondrial processes. Previous studies have suggested that ApoE4 acts as a transcription factor, modulating the expression of mitochondrial-related genes and other genes linked to neurodegeneration. ApoE4 may also directly interact with mitochondria, affecting mitochondrial function and dynamics through modified metabolism and fusion/fission imbalance, respectively.
