| ADMA | asymmetric dimethylarginine |
| AMBIC | ammonium bicarbonate |
| BCA | bicinchoninic acid |
| BSA | bovine serum albumin |
| cHDL | carbamylated high-density lipoprotein |
| cLDL | carbamylated low-density lipoprotein |
| CKD | chronic kidney disease |
| CVD | cardiovascular diseases |
| CVS | cardiovascular system |
| DAPI | 4’6-diamidino-2-phenylindole |
| DDAH | dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase |
| ECL | enhanced chemiluminescence |
| EMT | epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition |
| EndMT | endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition |
| FBS | foetal bovine serum |
| FDR | false discovery rate |
| FITC | fluorescein isothiocyanate |
| GFR | glomerular filtration rate |
| HMEC-1 | human dermal microvascular endothelial cells-1 |
| LF-PVDF | low-fluorescence polyvinylidene difluoride |
| MMP | matrix metalloproteinases |
| PBS | phosphate buffered saline |
| PS | phosphatidylserine |
| SRB | sulforhodamine B |
| TFA | trifluoroacetic acid |
| TGF-β | transforming growth factor-beta |
| TRITC | tetramethylrhodamine-isothiocyanate |
| WHO | World Health Organization |