Table 2.

Treatment of osteoarthritis.

Treatment Regimes	Examples
Pharmacological	Growth factors, slow-acting chondroprotective drugs, metformin
Blood-derived products	PRP, hyperacute serum, platelet lysate autologous conditioned serum, autologous protein solution
Surgical	Autologous osteochondral transplantation, autologous chondrocyte implantation, osteochondral allograft transplantation, costal cartilage grafts
Cell-based therapy	Chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, pluripotent stem cells
Tissue engineering	Endogenous cell homing, cell-based and cell-free scaffolds
Gene therapy	TissueGene-C based on TGF-β gene therapy
Natural and synthetic biomaterials	Hydrogels for cartilage regeneration
Biomaterials used for drug delivery	Chitosan nanodelivery platforms