Table 2.
Principal type of action of exosomes and related miRNAs with their specific mechanism.
| Type of Action | Name | Mechanism | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exosome increase | miR-1228, miR-1246, miR-1308, miR-149, miR-455-3p | More abundant in the exosomes of ALL cell line | [169] |
| miR-99a-5p, miR-125b-5p | Higher in exosomes from serum of chemo-resistant patients | [176] | |
| Drug resistance | miR-365 | Inhibiting expression of pro-apoptosis proteins BAX and Cleaved Caspase-3 in CML cells | [170] |
| miR-27a, miR-451, miR-21 | Increasing expression of P-gp | [171] | |
| miR-7977 | Increasing expression of P-gp | [172] | |
| miR-19b, miR-20a | Targeting PTEN and decreasing activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway | [173] | |
| miR-146a | Activating Akt pathway and NF-kB in CLL | [173] | |
| miR-181a | Protecting lymphoma cells from drug-induced apoptosis through BIM | [174] | |
| miR-548m | Promoting c-Myc activation in lymphoma cells | [175] | |
| miR-627-3p, miR-642a-5p | Targeting SP9 and activation of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway | [40] | |
| miR-30 | Enhancing expression of BCL9, a transcriptional coactivator of the Wnt signaling pathway | [177] | |
| Exosomal biomarker | miR-15a-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-17-5, miR-16-5p | Downregulation in exosomes from patients resistant to Btz compared to patients sensitive to Btz | [43] |