Table 1.

List of data sources incorporated into CO-CONNECT.

Cohort type		Source
COVID-19 serology cohorts
	Health care workers	Co-STARSa [49], COVIDsortium [50], MATCH [51], Oxford Healthcare Workers [52], PANTHERb [53], and SIRENc [54]
	Blood donors	TRACK-COVID [55]
	Care homes	VIVALDI [56]
	Hospitalized patients	ISARICd [57]
	Schools	sKIDse [58]
	Education	ACEf [59]
	Random sample of the population of adults registered with a general practitioner in England	REACT-2g [60]
	Hospitalized and community follow-up	FOLLOW-COVIDh [61]
Augmented cohorts
	Longitudinal cohorts	ATLASi [62] (ALSPACj [63], Generation Scotland [64], GASPk [65], NIHR-BioResource [66], TWINS-UK [67]), and Wellcome Longitudinal Population Study [68] (6 cohorts)
	Respiratory cohorts	HDRl UK BREATHE Hub [69] (17 cohorts)
Routinely collected health data sources/Trusted Research Environments
	England	National Health Service (NHS)–Digital [70] and UK Health and Security Agency (previously Public Health England) [71]
	Scotland	Public Health Scotland (PHS) [72]
	Northern Ireland	HSCm Business Services Organisation [73] and HSC Public Health Agency [74]
	Wales	Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) service [75]
	UK-wide	Office of National Statistics (ONS) [76]

^aCo-STARS: COVID-19 Staff Testing of Antibody Responses Study.

^bPANTHER: Pandemic Tracking of Healthcare Workers.

^cSIREN: SARS-CoV-2 Immunity and Reinfection Evaluation Network.

^dISARIC: International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infections Consortium.

^esKIDS: COVID-19 Surveillance in School Kids.

^fACE: Asymptomatic COVID-19 in Education.

^gREACT-2: Real-time Assessment of Community Transmission 2.

^hFOLLOW-COVID: Focused Longitudinal Observational Study to Improve Knowledge of COVID-19.

ⁱATLAS: Access Points to Tissue, Longitudinal Data, Archives, and Samples.

^jALSPAC: Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents And Children.

^kGASP: Genetics of Asthma Severity and Phenotypes.

^lHDR: Health Data Research.

^mHSC: Health and Safety Commission.