Table 1.
Prevalence of past 3-month substance use and level of risk based on the ASSIST scores by sex, race/ethnicity, and age group (n = 2,000).
| Sample size Total N | ASSIST score category | Past 3-month use Row % (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| No use Row % (95% CI) | Low-risk usea Row % (95% CI) | Moderate/high-risk useb Row % (95% CI) | |||
|
| |||||
| Tobacco | |||||
| Overall | 2,000 | 26.3 (24.4–28.3) | 28.6 (26.7–30.7) | 45.1 (42.9–47.2) | 42.0 (39.9–44.2) |
| Sex | |||||
| Males | 874 | 18.5 (16.1–21.2) | 25.5 (22.7–28.5) | 55.9 (52.6–59.2) | 52.9 (49.5–56.2) |
| Females | 1,124 | 32.4 (29.7–35.2) | 31.1 (28.5–33.9) | 36.5 (33.7–39.3) | 33.5 (30.8–36.4) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 577 | 21.1 (18.0–24.7) | 30.7 (27.1–34.6) | 48.2 (44.1–52.3) | 42.8 (38.8–46.9) |
| Black/African American, non-Hispanic | 1,058 | 26.0 (23.4–28.7) | 27.0 (24.4–29.8) | 47.0 (44.0–50.0) | 44.1 (41.2–47.1) |
| Hispanic | 233 | 30.9 (25.3–37.1) | 30.9 (25.3–37.1) | 38.2 (32.2–44.6) | 37.8 (31.8–44.1) |
| Other/unknown | 132 | 43.2 (35.0–51.7) | 28.8 (21.8–37.0) | 28.0 (21.1–36.2) | 28.8 (21.8–37.0) |
| Age in years | |||||
| 18–25 | 225 | 35.1 (29.2–41.6) | 28.4 (22.9–34.7) | 36.4 (30.4–42.9) | 42.2 (36.0–48.8) |
| 26–34 | 301 | 27.6 (22.8–32.9) | 31.2 (26.3–36.7) | 41.2 (35.8–46.8) | 42.9 (37.4–48.5) |
| 35–49 | 528 | 24.4 (21.0–28.3) | 27.5 (23.8–31.4) | 48.1 (43.9–52.4) | 44.9 (40.7–49.2) |
| 50+ | 946 | 24.8 (22.2–27.7) | 28.5 (25.8–31.5) | 46.6 (43.5–49.8) | 40.1 (37.0–43.2) |
| Alcohol | |||||
| Overall | 2,000 | 10.3 (9.1–11.8) | 75.5 (73.6–77.3) | 14.1 (12.7–15.7) | 53.9 (51.7–56.1) |
| Sex | |||||
| Males | 874 | 6.4 (5.0–8.2) | 72.4 (69.4–75.3) | 21.2 (18.6–24.0) | 59.6 (56.3–62.8) |
| Females | 1,124 | 13.4 (11.6–15.6) | 77.8 (75.3–80.2) | 8.7 (7.2–10.5) | 49.4 (46.5–52.3) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 577 | 5.9 (4.2–8.1) | 79.5 (76.1–82.6) | 14.6 (11.9–17.7) | 58.2 (54.2–62.2) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 1,058 | 11.1 (9.3–13.1) | 74.5 (71.8–77.0) | 14.5 (12.5–16.7) | 51.6 (48.6–54.6) |
| Hispanic | 233 | 11.6 (8.1–16.3) | 74.7 (68.7–79.8) | 13.7 (9.9–18.7) | 56.2 (49.8–62.4) |
| Other/unknown | 132 | 22.0 (15.8–29.8) | 67.4 (59.0–74.8) | 10.6 (6.4–17.0) | 49.2 (40.9–57.7) |
| Age in years | |||||
| 18–25 | 225 | 8.9 (5.8–13.3) | 82.7 (77.2–87.1) | 8.4 (5.5–12.8) | 63.6 (57.1–69.6) |
| 26–34 | 301 | 5.3 (3.3–8.5) | 77.7 (72.7–82.1) | 16.9 (13.1–21.6) | 67.1 (61.6–72.2) |
| 35–49 | 528 | 9.7 (7.4–12.5) | 76.3 (72.5–79.8) | 14.0 (11.3–17.2) | 57.8 (53.5–61.9) |
| 50+ | 946 | 12.7 (10.7–15.0) | 72.6 (69.7–75.4) | 14.7 (12.6–17.1) | 45.2 (42.1–48.4) |
| Drugsc | |||||
| Overall | 2,000 | 33.5 (31.4–35.5) | 37.6 (35.5–39.7) | 28.9 (27.0–31.0) | 24.2 (22.4–26.1) |
| Sex | |||||
| Males | 874 | 20.0 (17.5–22.8) | 39.5 (36.3–42.8) | 40.5 (37.3–43.8) | 33.5 (30.5–36.7) |
| Females | 1,124 | 44.0 (41.1–46.9) | 36.1 (33.4–39.0) | 19.9 (17.7–22.4) | 16.9 (14.8–19.2) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 577 | 31.7 (28.1–35.6) | 44.4 (40.4–48.4) | 23.9 (20.6–27.6) | 21.5 (18.3–25.0) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 1,058 | 30.9 (28.2–33.8) | 36.5 (33.6–39.4) | 32.6 (29.9–35.5) | 25.4 (22.9–28.1) |
| Hispanic | 233 | 40.3 (34.3–46.7) | 30.5 (24.9–36.7) | 29.2 (23.7–35.3) | 26.6 (21.3–32.6) |
| Other/unknown | 132 | 49.2 (40.9–57.7) | 29.5 (22.4–37.8) | 21.2 (15.1–28.9) | 22.0 (15.8–29.8) |
| Age in years | |||||
| 18–25 | 225 | 35.1 (29.2–41.6) | 36.0 (30.0–42.5) | 28.9 (23.4–35.1) | 32.9 (27.1–39.3) |
| 26–34 | 301 | 31.2 (26.3–36.7) | 37.2 (31.9–42.8) | 31.6 (26.6–37.0) | 33.9 (28.8–39.4) |
| 35–49 | 528 | 32.2 (28.4–36.3) | 39.6 (35.5–43.8) | 28.2 (24.5–32.2) | 23.7 (20.2–27.5) |
| 50+ | 946 | 34.5 (31.5–37.5) | 37.0 (34.0–40.1) | 28.5 (25.8–31.5) | 19.3 (17.0–22.0) |
| Opioidsd,e | |||||
| Overall | 2,000 | 79.7 (77.8–81.4) | 11.3 (9.9–12.7) | 9.0 (7.9–10.4) | 5.3 (4.4–6.4) |
| Sex | |||||
| Males | 874 | 71.5 (68.4–74.4) | 16.1 (13.8–18.7) | 12.2 (10.2–14.6) | 8.0 (6.4–10.0) |
| Females | 1,124 | 85.9 (83.8–87.9) | 7.5 (6.1–9.2) | 6.6 (5.3–8.2) | 3.2 (2.3–4.4) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 577 | 78.9 (75.3–82.0) | 13.7 (11.1–16.7) | 7.3 (5.4–9.7) | 4.3 (3.0–6.3) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 1,058 | 79.0 (76.5–81.4) | 10.8 (9.0–12.8) | 10.2 (8.5–12.2) | 5.4 (4.2–6.9) |
| Hispanic | 233 | 79.4 (73.7–84.1) | 10.3 (7.0–14.9) | 10.3 (7.0–14.9) | 7.7 (4.9–11.9) |
| Other/unknown | 132 | 88.6 (82.1–93.0) | 6.1 (3.1–11.5) | 5.3 (2.6–10.5) | 4.5 (2.1–9.6) |
| Age in years | |||||
| 18–25 | 225 | 89.8 (85.1–93.1) | 7.1 (4.4–11.2) | 3.1 (1.5–6.3) | 4.0 (2.1–7.4) |
| 26–34 | 301 | 81.1 (76.3–85.1) | 11.6 (8.5–15.7) | 7.3 (4.9–10.8) | 5.0 (3.0–8.1) |
| 35–49 | 528 | 77.3 (73.5–80.6) | 11.2 (8.8–14.1) | 11.4 (8.9–14.4) | 7.6 (5.6–10.2) |
| 50+ | 946 | 78.1 (75.4–80.6) | 12.2 (10.2–14.4) | 9.7 (8.0–11.8) | 4.4 (3.3–5.9) |
CI: confidence interval.
a
Low-risk score on the ASSIST for drugs = 0–3; low-risk score for alcohol = 0–10.
b
Moderate/high-risk score on the ASSIST for drugs = ≥4; moderate/high-risk score for alcohol = ≥11.
c
Includes cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine type stimulants, inhalants, sedatives or sleeping pills, hallucinogens, opioids, and other drugs.
d
Includes prescription opioids and heroin.
e
One participant reported lifetime opioid use but had missing ASSIST score.