Table 1.
Demographic variables according to CMB/cSS grouping (participants’ age: 55+ years)
| Group A: No CMBs/No cSS |
Group B: CMBs: Deep/infra and Mixed/No cSS |
Group C: CMBs Lobar ONLY/No cSS |
Group D: cSS/With or without CMBsa |
P b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 4846 | 401 | 776 | 26 | |
| Risk factors | |||||
| Age at MRI, years (mean, SD) | 67.9 ± 9.0 | 74.2 ± 8.7 | 71.8 ± 9.4 | 75.9 ± 8.3 | |
| Time between MRI and Exam, years (mean, SD) | 0.9 ± 1.9 | 1.3 ± 2.4 | 1.0 ± 2.2 | 0.1 ± 2.7 | |
| Male (n, %) | 2159 (45%) | 208 (52%)* | 357 (46%) | 15 (58%) | 0.005 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 3060 (64%) | 306 (78%)* | 533 (70%) | 20 (87%) | 0.008 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL (mean, SD) | 207.5 ± 41.4 | 196.9 ± 42.8*,*** | 205.2 ± 44.2 | 206.0 ± 52.5 | 0.025 |
| Medications | |||||
| Antithrombotic use (antiplatelet and/or anticoagulation) (n, %) | 1507 (31%) | 228 (57%)*,*** | 330 (43%)* | 11 (42%) | <0.001 |
| Statin use (n, %) | 1398 (29%) | 160 (41%)* | 263 (34%) | 10 (45%) | <0.001 |
| Prevalent clinical outcomes | |||||
| Ischemic stroke (n, %) | 15 (3%) | 41 (10%) | 37 (5%) | 1 (4%) | 0.107 |
| ICH (n, %) | 13 (0.2%) | 0 | 3 (0.4%) | 5 (19%)*,*** | <0.001 |
| TIA (n, %) | 253/3431 (7%) | 54/354 (15%) | 60/694 (9%) | 4/22 (18%) | 0.079 |
| MCI Executive Dysfunction (n, %) | 299 (6%) | 36 (10%) | 46 (6%) | 2 (8%) | 0.211 |
| MCI Memory impairment (n, %) | 185 (4%) | 19 (5%) | 32 (5%) | 2 (8%) | 0.951 |
| APOE genotype (n, %) | |||||
| ε22 | 23 (0.5%) | 2 (0.5%) | 11 (1.5%)* | 0 | 0.001 |
| ε23 | 619 (13.4%) | 40 (10.5%) | 84 (11.4%) | 3 (13.1%) | |
| ε24 | 104 (2.3%) | 13 (3.4%) | 18 (2.5%) | 2 (8.7%) | |
| ε33 | 2785 (60.4%) | 235 (61.7%) | 407 (55.7%) | 7 (30.4%) | |
| ε34 | 980 (21.3%) | 85 (22.3%) | 190 (26.0%) | 7 (30.4%) | |
| ε44 | 99 (2.1%) | 6 (1.6%) | 21 (2.9%) | 4 (17.4%) | |
| ε2 minor allele frequency | 769 (8.3%) | 57 (7.5%) | 124 (8.5%)* | 5 (10.9%)* | |
| ε4 minor allele frequency | 1282 (13.9%) | 110 (14.4%) | 250 (17.1%) | 17 (37.0%) | |
| ε3 minor allele frequency | 7169 (77.8%) | 595 (78.1%) | 1088 (74.4%) | 24 (52.2%) | |
| MRI markers | |||||
| Extensive WMH (n, %) | 760 (16%) | 130 (32%)*,*** | 153 (20%)* | 5 (19%) | <0.001 |
| Lacunes (n, %) | 415 (9%) | 114 (28%)*,*** | 92 (12%) | 4 (15%) | <0.001 |
| TCBV(Mean, SD) | 80.6 ± 4.4 | 79.2 ± 4.5 | 80.5 ± 4.6a | 77.9 ± 4.2 | <0.001 |
APOE: apolipoprotein E; CMB: cerebral microbleed; cSS: cortical superficial siderosis; ICH: intracerebral hemorrhage; MCI: mild cognitive impairment; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; SD: standard deviation; TCBV: total intracranial volume; TIA: transient ischemic attack; WMH: white matter hyperintensities.
No CMB 12/24; Any CMB = 12/24 (only deep = 0, strictly lobar = 10, mixed = 2).
Age-adjusted global p-values from global tests comparing the four groups using a series of age-adjusted linear (for continuous outcomes) or logistic (for categorical outcomes) models. Results of post-hoc pairwise comparisons made using the Tukey-Kramer method are indicated as per below where significant.
P < 0.05 relative to Group A.
P < 0.05 relative to Group B.
P < 0.05 relative to Group C.