Osteogenic differentiation ability of BMSCs co-cultured with three groups of scaffolds. a. A quantitative analysis was performed after ALP staining at 7th and 14th day. b. Calcium deposits were stained with alizarin red S and quantitatively analyzed after 21 days of culture. c. The expression levels of Runx2, Col I, OPN and OCN were analyzed by RT-qPCR after 7 and 14 days. d. The expression levels and quantitative analysis of Runx2, Col I, OPN, and OCN proteins detected by WB after 14 days. β -Actin was used as a protein loading control.