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. 2023 Jan 6;6:13. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-04408-3

Fig. 4. Trehalose modulates the expression of senescence and cell cycle arrest-related molecules.

Fig. 4

a Human dermal fibroblasts were treated with trehalose (30 and 100 mg/ml), tetrasaccharide hyaluronan (HA oligo) (30 μg/ml), or vehicle (PBS) for 24 h. CDKN1A and LMNB1 mRNA expression were assessed by qPCR. Data were shown as relative expressions to the control (vehicle-treated) fibroblasts. b Western blotting showing the expression of p21, lamin B, and β-actin in human dermal fibroblasts treated with trehalose (30 and 100 mg/ml) or the vehicle for 24 h. c Human dermal fibroblasts were treated with trehalose (30 and 100 mg/ml) or vehicle control (PBS) for 24 h. The cells were stained with antibodies for p21 (green) and DAPI (blue) for nuclei and were observed using a fluorescence microscope. Scale bar = 100 μm. d AURKA, AURKB, AURKC, MYBL2, PLK1, and UBE2C mRNA expressions were assessed by qPCR. Data were shown as the relative expression to the control (vehicle-treated) fibroblasts. e Trehalose (100 mg/ml) or vehicle (PBS) were added in the human dermal fibroblasts populated collagen gel for 72 h. CDKN1A, LMNB1, AURKA, AURKB, UBE2C, PLK1, and MYBL2 mRNA expressions were assessed by qPCR. Data were shown as relative expression to the control (vehicle-treated). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001 versus the vehicle-treated control group by one-way ANOVA (a, d) or Student t-test (e). Data were expressed as means ± SD for three wells (a, d) or three dermal substitutes (e), and are representative of three independent experiments.