Fig. 9. Graft of dermal substitute with highly concentrated trehalose-treated fibroblasts on nude mice accelerates wound closure and angiogenesis via CDKN1A.

a Representative photographs of the wound area on the recipient nude mice as indicated at 7 days after transplantation. b Wound closure was quantified and presented as % wound closure; % = the percentage of the initial wound area at day 7 when comparing the trehalose-LSE group (red band) to the control group (blue band). c Representative photographs of angiogenesis induced by the grafts. d Images of the H&E-stained tissue sections from the wound sites at day 7. Bars = 1 mm. e Quantitative analysis of the gap of the wounds in comparison between the trehalose-LSE group (red band) and control group (blue band). f Images of CD31 immunostaining on day 7 wounds. Bars = 50 μm. g Quantitative analysis of CD31-positive vessels per field. Data were expressed as means ± SD. A subsequent statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, with five mice in each group, and one tissue section from each mouse. Data were representative of two independent experiments.