Table 2.
Characteristics of the overall sample and of individuals with specific symptom trajectories.
| Hyperarousal | Nightmare | Somatic Symptoms | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n = 2097) | High (n = 312) | Moderate with ↓ (n = 98) | Moderate (n = 621) | Low with ↓ (n = 734) | P-value | High (n = 160) | High with ↓ (n = 221) | Moderate with ↑ (n = 299) | Low (n = 1120) | P-value | High with ↑ (n = 188) | Moderate (n = 449) | Moderate with ↓ (n = 125) | Low with ↓ (n = 1109) | P-value | |
| Age | 34.60 (12.7) | 34.95 (12.0) | 33.60 (12.2) | 34.88 (12.9) | 34.59 (12.8) | 0.69 | 33.88 (11.7) | 33.52 (11.0) | 33.72 (12.4) | 34.97 (13.0) | 0.53 | 35.17 (12.1) | 33.76 (12.6) | 34.84 (12.8) | 34.50 (12.7) | 0.38 |
| Sex at birth (Male) | 760 (36.2%) | 74 (23.7%) | 24 (24.5%) | 185 (29.8%) | 329 (44.8%) | <0.001 | 48 (30.0%) | 76 (34.4%) | 103 (34.4%) | 406 (36.2%) | 0.46 | 55 (29.3%) | 133 (29.6%) | 43 (34.4%) | 432 (39.0%) | 0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.79 | 0.34 | <0.001 | |||||||||||||
| Hispanic | 257 (12.3%) | 43 (13.8%) | 13 (13.3%) | 79 (12.7%) | 86 (11.7%) | 26 (16.2%) | 28 (12.7%) | 45 (15.1%) | 130 (11.6%) | 29 (15.4%) | 59 (13.1%) | 19 (15.2%) | 121 (10.9%) | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 647 (30.9%) | 86 (27.6%) | 29 (29.6%) | 188 (30.3%) | 246 (33.5%) | 42 (26.2%) | 72 (32.6%) | 78 (26.1%) | 365 (32.6%) | 38 (20.2%) | 112 (24.9%) | 38 (30.4%) | 400 (36.1%) | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1102 (52.6%) | 171 (54.8%) | 52 (53.1%) | 325 (52.3%) | 372 (50.7%) | 86 (53.8%) | 112 (50.7%) | 159 (53.2%) | 580 (51.8%) | 112 (59.6%) | 262 (58.4%) | 61 (48.8%) | 537 (48.4%) | |||
| Non-Hispanic Other | 81 (3.9%) | 9 (2.9%) | 3 (3.1%) | 26 (4.2%) | 28 (3.8%) | 4 (2.5%) | 8 (3.6%) | 14 (4.7%) | 42 (3.8%) | 7 (3.7%) | 13 (2.9%) | 7 (5.6%) | 46 (4.1%) | |||
| Education (High School or Less) | 689 (32.9%) | 117 (37.5%) | 33 (33.7%) | 201 (32.4%) | 223 (30.4%) | 0.16 | 68 (42.5%) | 68 (30.8%) | 114 (38.1%) | 341 (30.4%) | 0.003 | 80 (42.6%) | 165 (36.7%) | 50 (40.0%) | 312 (28.1%) | <0.001 |
| Income (<=$35,000) | 981 (46.8%) | 179 (57.4%) | 60 (61.2%) | 322 (51.9%) | 342 (46.6%) | 0.003 | 93 (58.1%) | 119 (53.8%) | 177 (59.2%) | 522 (46.6%) | <0.001 | 114 (60.6%) | 258 (57.5%) | 76 (60.8%) | 487 (43.9%) | <0.001 |
| Pre-Trauma Pain | 662 (31.6%) | 141 (45.2%) | 27 (27.6%) | 222 (35.7%) | 176 (24.0%) | <0.001 | 83 (51.9%) | 77 (34.8%) | 126 (42.1%) | 292 (26.1%) | <0.001 | 84 (44.7%) | 184 (41.0%) | 51 (40.8%) | 273 (24.6%) | <0.001 |
| Pre-Trauma somatic symptomsa | 3.90 (3.5) | 5.31 (4.0) | 3.52 (3.6) | 4.61 (3.6) | 2.98 (3.0) | <0.001 | 5.90 (4.3) | 5.02 (3.9) | 4.77 (3.7) | 3.30 (3.1) | <0.001 | 5.27 (4.3) | 4.74 (3.8) | 4.39 (3.8) | 3.38 (3.1) | <0.001 |
| Pre-Trauma Depression | 48.31 (10.7) | 52.72 (12.4) | 48.21 (9.5) | 49.39 (10.8) | 45.97 (9.3) | <0.001 | 55.02 (13.7) | 50.64 (11.3) | 50.51 (10.7) | 46.63 (9.6) | <0.001 | 51.27 (12.7) | 49.65 (10.9) | 50.18 (11.0) | 47.32 (10.0) | <0.001 |
| Pre-Trauma Anxiety symptoms | 5.02 (4.7) | 7.33 (5.3) | 4.90 (4.2) | 5.61 (4.6) | 3.71 (3.9) | <0.001 | 7.48 (5.6) | 6.37 (5.0) | 5.94 (4.6) | 4.31 (4.3) | <0.001 | 6.09 (5.2) | 5.66 (4.9) | 5.66 (4.6) | 4.64 (4.5) | <0.001 |
| Peri-traumatic Pain | 1837 (87.6%) | 289 (92.6%) | 89 (90.8%) | 562 (90.5%) | 609 (83.0%) | <0.001 | 151 (94.4%) | 204 (92.3%) | 277 (92.6%) | 947 (84.6%) | <0.001 | 177 (94.1%) | 413 (92.0%) | 112 (89.6%) | 935 (84.3%) | <0.001 |
| Peritraumatic somatic symptomsa | 5.17 (3.3) | 6.58 (3.3) | 5.22 (3.1) | 5.79 (3.2) | 4.11 (3.0) | <0.001 | 7.52 (3.2) | 6.02 (3.3) | 6.05 (3.2) | 4.52 (3.1) | <0.001 | 6.93 (3.3) | 5.88 (3.2) | 5.86 (3.4) | 4.56 (3.1) | <0.001 |
| Week 8 Pain | 894 (42.6%) | 204 (65.4%) | 62 (63.3%) | 336 (54.1%) | 242 (33.0%) | <0.001 | 112 (70.0%) | 112 (50.7%) | 183 (61.2%) | 440 (39.3%) | <0.001 | 121 (64.4%) | 259 (57.7%) | 81 (64.8%) | 404 (36.4%) | <0.001 |
| Week 8 Post-traumatic stress symptoms | 28.22 (19.3) | 49.86 (16.3) | 26.70 (14.3) | 33.25 (14.9) | 14.98 (12.9) | <0.001 | 54.38 (16.6) | 31.84 (16.5) | 40.25 (16.6) | 20.32 (14.9) | <0.001 | 48.56 (19.3) | 35.70 (17.9) | 33.54 (15.3) | 21.22 (16.3) | <0.001 |
| Week 8 Post-traumatic somatic symptomsa | 7.72 (3.9) | 10.10 (2.7) | 7.90 (3.4) | 9.00 (3.1) | 5.60 (3.8) | <0.001 | 10.64 (2.5) | 8.73 (3.5) | 9.70 (3.3) | 6.59 (3.8) | <0.001 | 10.93 (2.0) | 9.66 (3.3) | 9.50 (3.2) | 6.15 (3.6) | <0.001 |
| Week 8 Anxiety symptoms | 7.23 (4.6) | 11.64 (3.6) | 7.04 (4.1) | 8.07 (3.9) | 4.58 (3.9) | <0.001 | 11.87 (4.0) | 8.13 (4.3) | 9.11 (4.2) | 5.84 (4.2) | <0.001 | 10.66 (4.3) | 8.32 (4.5) | 8.16 (4.3) | 6.07 (4.4) | <0.001 |
| Week 8 Depressive Symptoms | 54.36 (10.9) | 64.06 (9.8) | 52.78 (8.7) | 56.48 (8.9) | 48.52 (9.4) | <0.001 | 66.85 (9.0) | 55.87 (9.5) | 60.08 (9.2) | 50.61 (9.6) | <0.001 | 64.15 (10.1) | 57.42 (9.6) | 56.02 (9.7) | 51.20 (10.2) | <0.001 |
aSomatic symptoms are often referred to as “post-concussive symptoms”
↓: decrease, ↑: increase