Figure 3.

Management Strategy for Bleeding Events While Receiving NOAC Treatment

When dealing with bleeding events, patients’ histories should be thoroughly checked, including types and doses of NOACs and other modifiable risk factors for bleeding, such as suboptimally treated hypertension, excess alcohol intake, concomitant antiplatelet therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), steroids, and others. Furthermore, regular interdisciplinary review and shared decision making are needed. ∗Defined by International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH). aPCC = activated prothrombin complex concentrate; FXa = factor Xa; LAAO = left atrial appendage occlusion; NOAC = non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant; NSAID = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PCC = prothrombin complex concentrate.