Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the vitamin D supplementation and control groups.
| Vitamin D3 (n = 255) |
Control (n = 578) |
Standardized Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at enrollment in years, mean ± SD | 47 ± 12 | 50 ± 13 | 0.24 |
| Gender, n (%) | |||
| Man | 55 (22) | 131 (23) | 0.12 |
| Woman | 199 (78) | 446 (77) | 0.02 |
| Other | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | 0.45 |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | 0.45 |
| Asian | 12 (5) | 36 (6) | 0.04 |
| Black/African American | 27 (11) | 47 (8) | 0.10 |
| Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 0.42 |
| White | 194 (76) | 456 (79) | 0.07 |
| More than one race | 7 (3) | 20 (4) | 0.05 |
| Other | 12 (5) | 18 (3) | 0.10 |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | 24 (9) | 28 (5) | 0.16 |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 231 (91) | 547 (95) | 0.16 |
| Body mass index in kg/m2, mean ± SD | 30 ± 6 | 29 ± 6 | 0.17 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Cardiovascular disease | 60 (24) | 157 (27) | 0.07 |
| Respiratory disease | 47 (18) | 106 (18) | 0 |
| Eye disease | 11 (4) | 16 (3) | 0.05 |
| Gastrointestinal disease | 97 (38) | 213 (37) | 0.02 |
| Urological disease | 19 (8) | 62 (11) | 0.02 |
| Liver disease | 3 (1) | 8 (1) | 0.10 |
| Hematological disease | 27 (11) | 51 (9) | 0 |
| Dermatological disease | 42 (17) | 76 (13) | 0.07 |
| Diabetes | 14 (6) | 44 (8) | 0.11 |
| Endocrine disease (other) | 38 (15) | 77 (13) | 0.08 |
| Malignant disease | 15 (6) | 33 (6) | 0 |
| History of vitamin D deficiency, n (%) | 62 (24) | 174 (30) | 0.14 |
| Previous COVID-19, n (%) | 16 (6) | 29 (5) | 0.06 |