Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants of the gout group and control group.
| Characteristics | Total Participants | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Gout (n = 16,305) |
Control (n = 65,220) |
Standardized Difference |
|
| Age (years old, n, %) | 0.00 | ||
| 40–44 | 571 (3.5) | 2284 (3.5) | |
| 45–49 | 2008 (12.3) | 8032 (12.3) | |
| 50–54 | 3309 (20.3) | 13,236 (20.3) | |
| 55–59 | 3101 (19.0) | 12,404 (19.0) | |
| 60–64 | 2531 (15.5) | 10,124 (15.5) | |
| 65–69 | 2134 (13.1) | 8536 (13.1) | |
| 70–74 | 1488 (9.1) | 5952 (9.1) | |
| 75–79 | 823 (5.1) | 3292 (5.1) | |
| 80–84 | 277 (1.7) | 1108 (1.7) | |
| ≥85 | 63 (0.4) | 252 (0.4) | |
| Sex (n, %) | 0.00 | ||
| Male | 13,941 (85.5) | 55,764 (85.5) | |
| Female | 2364 (14.5) | 9456 (14.5) | |
| Income (n, %) | 0.00 | ||
| 1 (lowest) | 2175 (13.3) | 8700 (13.3) | |
| 2 | 1997 (12.3) | 7988 (12.3) | |
| 3 | 2500 (15.3) | 10,000 (15.3) | |
| 4 | 3430 (21.0) | 13,720 (21.0) | |
| 5 (highest) | 6203 (38.0) | 24,812 (38.0) | |
| Region of residence (n, %) | 0.00 | ||
| Urban | 7048 (43.2) | 28,192 (43.2) | |
| Rural | 9257 (56.8) | 37,028 (56.8) | |
| Total cholesterol level (mg/dL, mean, SD) | 200.2 (40.1) | 196.1 (37.1) | 0.11 |
| SBP (mmHg, mean, SD) | 130.2 (17.3) | 127.4 (16.4) | 0.17 |
| DBP (mmHg, mean, SD) | 81.1 (11.2) | 79.3 (10.7) | 0.16 |
| Fasting blood glucose level (mg/dL, mean, SD) | 101.6 (28.8) | 102.1 (30.9) | 0.02 |
| Obesity † (n, %) | 0.29 | ||
| Underweight | 193 (1.2) | 1510 (2.3) | |
| Normal | 3999 (24.5) | 22,726 (34.9) | |
| Overweight | 4507 (27.6) | 18,411 (28.2) | |
| Obese I | 6945 (42.6) | 21,068 (32.3) | |
| Obese II | 661 (4.1) | 1505 (2.3) | |
| Smoking status (n, %) | 0.08 | ||
| Nonsmoker | 8886 (54.5) | 34,681 (53.2) | |
| Past smoker | 3403 (20.9) | 12,280 (18.8) | |
| Current smoker | 4016 (24.6) | 18,259 (28.0) | |
| Alcohol consumption (n, %) | 0.11 | ||
| <1 time a week | 8108 (49.7) | 35,919 (55.1) | |
| ≥1 time a week | 8197 (50.3) | 29,301 (44.9) | |
| CCI score (score, n, %) | 0.13 | ||
| 0 | 10,359 (63.5) | 45,309 (69.5) | |
| 1 | 2425 (14.9) | 8563 (13.1) | |
| 2 | 1490 (9.1) | 4971 (7.6) | |
| ≥3 | 2031 (12.5) | 6377 (9.8) | |
| Osteoporosis (n, %) | 761 (4.7) | 2805 (4.3) | 0.02 |
| Distal radius fracture (n, %) | 277 (1.7) | 1052 (1.6) | 0.01 |
| Hip fracture (n, %) | 127 (0.8) | 500 (0.8) | 0.00 |
| Spine fracture (n, %) | 437 (2.7) | 1746 (2.7) | 0.00 |
Abbreviations: CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation. † Obesity (BMI, body mass index, kg/m2) was categorized as <18.5 (underweight), ≥18.5 to <23 (normal), ≥23 to <25 (overweight), ≥25 to <30 (obese I), and ≥30 (obese II).