| MIC | minimum inhibitory concentration |
| MBC | minimum bactericidal concentration |
| HAE | hydroacetonic extract |
| αβ-AF | α-acids and β-acids rich fraction |
| β-AF | β-acids rich fraction |
| XH | xanthohumol |
| HPLC | high performance liquid chromatography |
| LAB | lactic acid bacteria |
| MHB | Mueller Hinton broth |
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