. 2022 Dec 24;15(1):89. doi: 10.3390/nu15010089

Table 3.

Phenolic estimations of faba bean hydrolysates (FBH) and emulsions (FBE) across in vitro digestion *.

Sample Types	Samples	Phases	TPC (mg GAE/g)	TFC (mg QE/g)	TCT (mg CE/g)	DPPH (mg TE/g)	FRAP (mg TE/g)	ABTS (mg TE/g)
Hydrolysates (FBH)	HA₀	Oral Gastric Intestinal	0.53 ± 0.03 ^c 0.59 ± 0.03 ^b 1.21 ± 0.15 ^a	0.02 ± 0.00 ^a	0.41 ± 0.03 ^a	0.29 ± 0.02 ^b	0.43 ± 0.04 ^b	5.12 ± 0.64 ^b
				-	-	0.45 ± 0.06 ^a	0.32 ± 0.03 ^c	7.61 ± 0.31 ^b
				-	-	0.13 ± 0.01 ^c	0.77 ± 0.02 ^a	66.36 ± 3.82 ^a
	HA₅	Oral Gastric Intestinal	0.40 ± 0.01 ^b 0.63 ± 0.02 ^a 0.39 ± 0.04 ^b	-	-	0.16 ± 0.02 ^b	0.41 ± 0.01 ^a	5.94 ± 0.21 ^c
				-	-	0.48 ± 0.08 ^a	0.10 ± 0.01 ^c	7.90 ± 0.12 ^b
				-	-	0.07 ± 0.01 ^c	0.24 ± 0.00 ^b	22.46 ± 0.39 ^a
	HA₁₀	Oral Gastric Intestinal	0.46 ± 0.04 ^c 0.61 ± 0.03 ^b 0.92 ± 0.14 ^a	-	1.16 ± 0.05 ^b	0.11 ± 0.00 ^b	0.53 ± 0.03 ^a	10.52 ± 0.07 ^b
				-	1.29 ± 0.02 ^a	0.39 ± 0.05 ^a	0.10 ± 0.01 ^c	8.22 ± 0.68 ^c
				-	-	-	0.50 ± 0.01 ^a	27.72 ± 0.30 ^a
	HA₃₀	Oral Gastric Intestinal	0.53 ± 0.03 ^c 0.79 ± 0.02 ^b 1.16 ± 0.11 ^a	-	0.54 ± 0.08 ^a	0.37 ± 0.01 ^b	1.10 ± 0.05 ^a	12.25 ± 0.09 ^b
				-	-	0.73 ± 0.06 ^a	0.45 ± 0.05 ^c	9.62 ± 0.15 ^b
				-	-	-	0.58 ± 0.01 ^b	79.79 ± 0.95 ^a
Emulsions (FBE)	EA₀	Oral Gastric Intestinal	0.49 ± 0.03 ^c 0.69 ± 0.02 ^b 1.15 ± 0.13 ^a	0.04 ± 0.00 ^b	2.04 ± 0.02 ^a	0.28 ± 0.02 ^b	1.04 ± 0.04 ^b	12.79 ± 0.41 ^b
				-	-	0.42 ± 0.05 ^a	0.90 ± 0.00 ^c	9.10 ± 0.15 ^b
				1.40 ± 0.23 ^a	-	0.19 ± 0.01 ^c	1.35 ± 0.01 ^a	116.13 ± 8.91 ^a
	EA₅	Oral Gastric Intestinal	0.51 ± 0.02 ^c 0.80 ± 0.05 ^b 0.65 ± 0.09 ^a	-	-	0.24 ± 0.02 ^a	0.99 ± 0.04 ^b	13.95 ± 0.43 ^b
				-	-	0.27 ± 0.03 ^a	0.96 ± 0.07 ^b	9.94 ± 0.53 ^c
				0.80 ± 0.11 ^a	-	0.07 ± 0.01 ^b	1.10 ± 0.02 ^a	22.06 ± 0.88 ^a
	EA₁₀	Oral Gastric Intestinal	0.50 ± 0.04 ^c 0.79 ± 0.01 ^b 1.17 ± 0.08 ^a	-	2.28 ± 0.02 ^a	0.29 ± 0.00 ^b	1.11 ± 0.02 ^b	14.80 ± 0.76 ^b
				-	-	0.40 ± 0.02 ^a	0.93 ± 0.04 ^c	9.47 ± 0.43 ^b
				2.61 ± 0.10 ^a	-	0.14 ± 0.01 ^c	2.06 ± 0.09 ^a	78.66 ± 6.38 ^a
	EA₃₀	Oral Gastric Intestinal	0.45 ± 0.04 ^c 0.86 ± 0.05 ^b 1.17 ± 0.07 ^a	-	-	0.26 ± 0.02 ^b	1.00 ± 0.03 ^b	14.98 ± 0.86 ^b
				-	-	0.43 ± 0.06 ^a	1.01 ± 0.05 ^b	10.00 ± 0.27 ^b
				0.99 ± 0.14 ^a	-	0.15 ± 0.01 ^c	1.22 ± 0.05 ^a	67.46 ± 1.44 ^a

* Values (mean ± SD) illustrated in this table are in triplicates (n = 3). The data of all the samples have been subtracted the control values. For each sample of each assay, different superscript letters indicated the significant differences among oral, gastric and intestinal phases within three rows of a column at a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). FBH, faba bean hydrolysates; FBE, faba bean emulsions; A₀, FBPC protein hydrolysates viz., slurry with adjusted pH and temperature treatment without Alcalase; A₅, slurry with 5 min hydrolysis with Alcalase; A₁₀, slurry with 10 min hydrolysis with Alcalase; A₁₅, slurry with 15 min hydrolysis with Alcalase; A₃₀, slurry with 30 min hydrolysis with Alcalase; TPC, Total phenolic content; TFC, total flavonoid content; TCT, total condensed tannin; GAE, gallic acid equivalents; QE, quercetin equivalents; CE, catechin equivalents. DPPH, 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power; ABTS, 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid; TE, Trolox equivalent.