. 2022 Dec 24;15(1):89. doi: 10.3390/nu15010089

Table 4.

Phenolic estimations of faba bean (FB), protein concentrate (FBPC), hydrolysates (FBH) and emulsions (FBE) across colonic fermentation *.

Sample Types	Samples	Phases	TPC (mg GAE/g)	TFC (mg QE/g)	TCT (mg CE/g)	DPPH (mg TE/g)	FRAP (mg TE/g)	ABTS (mg TE/g)
Hydrolysates (FBH)	HA₀	0 h 2 h 4 h	3.39 ± 0.04 ^b	-	-	2.36 ± 0.01 ^f	2.91 ± 0.07 ^d	26.55 ± 1.37 ^d
			3.44 ± 0.03 ^b	0.14 ± 0.00 ^c	-	3.88 ± 0.00 ^d	3.99 ± 0.02 ^b	16.15 ± 0.01 ^f
			2.40 ± 0.07 ^e	1.06 ± 0.08 ^a	-	3.45 ± 0.03 ^e	4.14 ± 0.00 ^a	33.89 ± 0.12 ^c
		8 h	3.63 ± 0.06 ^a	0.45 ± 0.01 ^b	-	5.78 ± 0.03 ^c	2.77 ± 0.00 ^e	19.25 ± 0.00 ^e
		16 h	2.80 ± 0.00 ^c	-	-	6.40 ± 0.01 ^b	3.76 ± 0.00 ^c	92.52 ± 0.06 ^b
		24 h	2.52 ± 0.01 ^d	-	-	6.60 ± 0.03 ^a	4.09 ± 0.03 ^a	116.94 ± 0.05 ^a
	HA₅	0 h 2 h 4 h	3.17 ± 0.00 ^c	0.03 ± 0.01 ^d	5.44 ± 0.13 ^a	1.13 ± 0.02 ^f	3.30 ± 0.08 ^d	33.98 ± 0.35 ^d
			3.64 ± 0.01 ^b	0.17 ± 0.00 ^c	-	4.32 ± 0.00 ^d	3.45 ± 0.00 ^c	16.18 ± 0.01 ^f
			2.94 ± 0.04 ^d	0.26 ± 0.01 ^b	-	3.66 ± 0.00 ^e	4.61 ± 0.01 ^a	36.17 ± 0.06 ^c
		8 h	4.07 ± 0.03 ^a	0.60 ± 0.02 ^a	-	6.08 ± 0.01 ^c	1.30 ± 0.00 ^f	19.35 ± 0.00 ^e
		16 h	2.52 ± 0.02 ^e	-	-	7.88 ± 0.26 ^b	3.05 ± 0.00 ^e	92.38 ± 0.03 ^b
		24 h	2.00 ± 0.02 ^f	-	-	8.48 ± 0.09 ^a	3.64 ± 0.01 ^b	116.72 ± 0.06 ^a
	HA₁₀	0 h 2 h 4 h	3.15 ± 0.01 ^c	-	-	4.27 ± 0.09 ^d	2.10 ± 0.00 ^f	23.59 ± 0.37 ^d
			3.93 ± 0.00 ^b	0.36 ± 0.00 ^c	-	5.14 ± 0.01 ^c	4.53 ± 0.01 ^b	15.92 ± 0.03 ^f
			2.81 ± 0.04 ^e	0.93 ± 0.00 ^b	-	3.64 ± 0.09 ^e	4.79 ± 0.00 ^a	34.52 ± 0.22 ^c
		8 h	4.67 ± 0.02 ^a	1.02 ± 0.00 ^a	-	7.43 ± 0.05 ^b	3.39 ± 0.00 ^c	19.16 ± 0.00 ^e
		16 h	2.95 ± 0.05 ^d	-	0.91 ± 0.02 ^b	7.61 ± 0.10 ^a	3.11 ± 0.01 ^d	94.60 ± 0.03 ^b
		24 h	2.38 ± 0.02 ^f	-	1.22 ± 0.03 ^a	7.67 ± 0.06 ^a	3.02 ± 0.01 ^e	119.75 ± 0.05 ^a
	HA₃₀	0 h 2 h 4 h	3.75 ± 0.00 ^a	0.20 ± 0.00 ^c	-	3.11 ± 0.01 ^f	2.22 ± 0.00 ^e	56.29 ± 0.26 ^c
			3.17 ± 0.02 ^d	0.20 ± 0.00 ^c	-	5.59 ± 0.00 ^c	4.26 ± 0.04 ^a	16.89 ± 0.00 ^f
			3.15 ± 0.03 ^d	0.89 ± 0.01 ^a	-	3.86 ± 0.01 ^e	4.13 ± 0.00 ^b	33.69 ± 0.10 ^d
		8 h	3.70 ± 0.07 ^a	0.29 ± 0.01 ^b	-	4.33 ± 0.02 ^d	3.12 ± 0.00 ^c	18.99 ± 0.00 ^e
		16 h	3.43 ± 0.06 ^b	0.15 ± 0.02 ^d	0.63 ± 0.01 ^b	7.19 ± 0.09 ^b	3.04 ± 0.04 ^d	97.71 ± 0.04 ^b
		24 h	3.33 ± 0.03 ^c	0.11 ± 0.01 ^e	0.83 ± 0.02 ^a	8.14 ± 0.04 ^a	3.01 ± 0.02 ^d	123.95 ± 0.03 ^a
Emulsions (FBE)	EA₀	0 h 2 h 4 h	3.17 ± 0.02 ^d	-	-	3.00 ± 0.03 ^f	3.52 ± 0.05 ^c	19.65 ± 0.05 ^d
			3.32 ± 0.03 ^c	0.38 ± 0.00 ^b	-	4.87 ± 0.05 ^d	3.72 ± 0.00 ^b	15.33 ± 0.03 ^f
			2.45 ± 0.02 ^e	0.96 ± 0.02 ^a	-	3.77 ± 0.05 ^e	4.38 ± 0.00 ^a	50.07 ± 0.09 ^c
		8 h	3.85 ± 0.01 ^a	0.29 ± 0.00 ^c	-	6.10 ± 0.00 ^c	2.51 ± 0.00 ^f	18.69 ± 0.00 ^e
		16 h	3.63 ± 0.04 ^b	-	5.51 ± 0.00 ^b	6.84 ± 0.05 ^b	3.15 ± 0.06 ^e	97.17 ± 0.07 ^b
		24 h	3.56 ± 0.02 ^b	-	7.35 ± 0.02 ^a	7.08 ± 0.03 ^a	3.36 ± 0.04 ^d	123.33 ± 0.06 ^a
	EA₅	0 h 2 h 4 h	2.31 ± 0.01 ^f	0.18 ± 0.00 ^c	-	3.31 ± 0.02 ^e	2.56 ± 0.01 ^e	61.22 ± 0.01 ^c
			3.71 ± 0.01 ^b	0.26 ± 0.00 ^b	-	5.01 ± 0.00 ^c	3.57 ± 0.00 ^b	15.88 ± 0.01 ^e
			2.83 ± 0.13 ^e	0.25 ± 0.02 ^b	-	3.45 ± 0.04 ^de	4.70 ± 0.00 ^a	57.03 ± 0.19 ^d
		8 h	4.20 ± 0.01 ^a	2.61 ± 0.00 ^a	-	3.58 ± 0.03 ^d	2.39 ± 0.00 ^f	61.11 ± 0.01 ^c
		16 h	3.25 ± 0.01 ^c	-	2.35 ± 0.01 ^b	5.99 ± 0.13 ^b	3.02 ± 0.01 ^d	88.35 ± 0.01 ^b
		24 h	2.93 ± 0.02 ^d	-	3.13 ± 0.01 ^a	6.80 ± 0.05 ^a	3.23 ± 0.01 ^c	97.43 ± 0.08 ^a
	EA₁₀	0 h 2 h 4 h	3.51 ± 0.00 ^b	0.10 ± 0.00 ^b	-	2.23 ± 0.10 ^e	2.32 ± 0.01 ^f	61.28 ± 0.02 ^c
			3.40 ± 0.06 ^c	0.06 ± 0.00 ^c	-	6.31 ± 0.02 ^a	4.09 ± 0.00 ^a	16.67 ± 0.00 ^f
			3.55 ± 0.01 ^b	0.22 ± 0.02 ^a	-	5.29 ± 0.05 ^d	3.94 ± 0.00 ^b	36.02 ± 0.06 ^d
		8 h	3.93 ± 0.01 ^a	0.10 ± 0.00 ^b	-	5.66 ± 0.05 ^c	2.42 ± 0.00 ^e	19.33 ± 0.00 ^e
		16 h	3.43 ± 0.01 ^c	-	2.20 ± 0.01 ^b	5.87 ± 0.01 ^b	2.86 ± 0.03 ^d	87.43 ± 0.03 ^b
		24 h	3.26 ± 0.01 ^d	-	2.93 ± 0.02 ^a	5.95 ± 0.02 ^b	3.01 ± 0.02 ^c	110.13 ± 0.05 ^a
	EA₃₀	0 h 2 h 4 h	2.12 ± 0.02 ^d	-	0.53 ± 0.01 ^c	1.85 ± 0.01 ^f	2.51 ± 0.00 ^e	76.29 ± 1.26 ^c
			3.80 ± 0.03 ^a	0.15 ± 0.00 ^b	-	5.92 ± 0.00 ^c	3.41 ± 0.00 ^b	17.02 ± 0.00 ^f
			3.19 ± 0.02 ^b	0.88 ± 0.00 ^a	-	4.46 ± 0.05 ^e	4.55 ± 0.01 ^a	32.61 ± 0.24 ^d
		8 h	2.90 ± 0.06 ^c	-	-	4.96 ± 0.02 ^d	2.41 ± 0.00 ^f	18.95 ± 0.01 ^e
		16 h	1.93 ± 0.00 ^e	-	4.13 ± 0.01 ^b	7.03 ± 0.16 ^b	2.70 ± 0.00 ^d	84.57 ± 0.18 ^b
		24 h	1.61 ± 0.02 ^f	-	5.51 ± 0.02 ^a	7.72 ± 0.06 ^a	2.79 ± 0.02 ^c	106.45 ± 0.09 ^a

* Values (mean ± SD) illustrated in this table are in triplicates (n = 3). The data of all the samples have been subtracted the control values. For each sample of each assay, different superscript letters indicated the significant differences among 0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 16 h and 24 h phases within five rows of a column at a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). FBH, faba bean hydrolysates; FBE, faba bean emulsions; A₀, FBPC protein hydrolysates viz., slurry with adjusted pH and temperature treatment without Alcalase; A₅, slurry with 5 min hydrolysis with Alcalase; A₁₀, slurry with 10 min hydrolysis with Alcalase; A₁₅, slurry with 15 min hydrolysis with Alcalase; A₃₀, slurry with 30 min hydrolysis with Alcalase; TPC, Total phenolic content; TFC, total flavonoid content; TCT, total condensed tannin; GAE, gallic acid equivalents; QE, quercetin equivalents; CE, catechin equivalents. DPPH, 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power; ABTS, 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid; TE, Trolox equivalent.