Table 1.

Studies on ALA’s effects on HbA1c *.

	Country/Population	Intervention	Duration	Other Antidiabetic Drugs	Results
[6] Ziegler et al., 1997	Germany/T2D	ALA 800 mg or placebo (oral administration) per day	4 months	14 patients on oral antidiabetics while 47 patients on insulin therapy	No HbA1c differences between ALA and placebo
[79] Heinisch et al., 2010	Austria/T2D	ALA 600 mg or placebo (oral administration) per day	3 weeks	23 patients on oral antidiabetics (metformin, glitazones and sulphonylureas), 5 patients on insulin and one patient no therapy	No HbA1c differences between ALA and placebo
[80] Hegazy et al., 2013	Egypt/T1D	ALA 600 mg or placebo (oral administration) per day	4 months	Insulin therapy	No HbA1c differences between ALA and placebo
[71] Porasuphatana et al., 2011	Thailand/T2D	ALA 300 mg, 600 mg, 900 mg, 1200 mg or placebo (oral administration) per day	6 months	Metformin and/or sulphonylureas	No differences between placebo and other groups, HbA1c significantly decreased in all treatment groups compared to placebo
[81] Udupa et al., 2012	India/T2D	ALA 300 mg or Vitamin E or Omega-3 or placebo (oral administration) per day	3 months	Metformin plus Glimepiride	No HbA1c differences between ALA and placebo
[82] Huang et al., 2013	China/T2D	ALA 600 mg or placebo (intravenous infusion) per day	3 months	Short term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion	No HbA1c differences between ALA and placebo
[68] Zhao et al., 2014	China/T2D complicated by acute cerebral infarction	ALA 600 mg or placebo (intravenous infusion) per day	1 month	Insulin therapy	ALA significantly decreased HbA1c compared to placebo
[70] Mendoza-Núñez et al., 2019	Mexico/T2D	ALA 600 mg or placebo (oral administration) per day	6 months	Metformin/glibenclamide	No HbA1c differences between ALA and placebo

* Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) estimates blood glucose levels of an individual over the last 3 months.