Rheological characterization of the Alg, CMC, and PAAm-based conductive hydrogels. (a) The experimental setting illustration of the rheological property measurements of the Alg, CMC, and PAAm-based conductive hydrogels (n = 3). (b) Storage modulus (G’) of each Alg, CMC, and PAAm-based conductive hydrogel. (c) Loss modulus (G”) of each Alg, CMC, and PAAm-based conductive hydrogel. (d) Dynamic modulus (G*) of each Alg, CMC, and PAAm-based conductive hydrogel. (e) Initial dynamic modulus on a log scale for “PAAm” (single-network), “CMC/PAAm” and “Alg/PAAm” (dual-network), and STICH (triple-network). (f) Tan δ of each Alg, CMC, and PAAm-based conductive hydrogel. (“PAAm”, black; “Alg/PAAm”, green; “CMC/PAAm”, red; and “Alg/CMC/PAAm”, the STICH, blue).