Table 2.
Univariate analyses and dose–response relations between hospital complications, laboratory data at ICU admission, arterial blood gas at ICU admission, worst arterial blood gas during ICU admission, and scores at hospitalization and degree of DLCO impairment at the follow-up.
| Variables | Global | ≥ 80% | 60% ≤ x < 80% | <60% | p for trend | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 1327 | n = 450 | n = 559 | n = 318 | |||
| Median [p25; p75] or n(%) | Median [p25; p75] or n(%) | Median [p25; p75] or n(%) | Median [p25; p75] or n(%) | |||
| Hospital complications | ||||||
| Bacterial pneumonia | 339 (25.6%) | 73 (16.2%) | 141 (25.3%) | 125 (39.3%) | <0.001 | 1325 |
| ARDS | 1001 (75.4%) | 314 (69.8%) | 431 (77.1%) | 256 (80.5%) | <0.001 | 1327 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 171 (13.0%) | 47 (10.6%) | 85 (15.3%) | 39 (12.3%) | 0.340 | 1315 |
| Bacteremia | 324 (24.4%) | 82 (18.2%) | 139 (24.9%) | 103 (32.5%) | <0.001 | 1326 |
| Acute renal failure | 266 (20.0%) | 68 (15.1%) | 111 (19.9%) | 87 (27.4%) | <0.001 | 1327 |
| Liver dysfunction | 389 (29.3%) | 141 (31.3%) | 162 (29.0%) | 86 (27.0%) | 0.192 | 1327 |
| Hyperglycemia | 905 (68.2%) | 274 (60.9%) | 383 (68.5%) | 248 (78.0%) | <0.001 | 1327 |
| Infectious complications | 602 (45.4%) | 146 (32.4%) | 267 (47.8%) | 189 (59.4%) | <0.001 | 1326 |
| Laboratory data at ICU admission | ||||||
| Lymphocyte count, ×109/L | 0.70 [0.50;1.00] | 0.70 [0.50;1.00] | 0.73 [0.50;1.00] | 0.68 [0.44;0.98] | 0.106 | 1306 |
| Neutrophil count, ×109/L | 7.24 [5.10;10.1] | 7.23 [5.22;9.96] | 7.17 [4.91;10.3] | 7.31 [5.12;10.2] | 0.939 | 1302 |
| Platelet count, ×109/L | 237 [189;309] | 238 [195;311] | 237 [191;312] | 231 [174;303] | 0.090 | 1314 |
| International Normalized Ratio | 1.14 [1.07;1.24] | 1.15 [1.06;1.24] | 1.14 [1.07;1.25] | 1.13 [1.07;1.23] | 0.483 | 1173 |
| D-dimer, mg/L | 800 [429;1635] | 748 [414;1359] | 790 [404;1685] | 941 [516;1964] | 0.016 | 1170 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 137 [70.0;225] | 134 [62.4;214] | 136 [75.5;230] | 148 [65.8;230] | 0.207 | 1273 |
| Bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.60 [0.43;0.84] | 0.60 [0.43;0.84] | 0.60 [0.40;0.87] | 0.60 [0.47;0.82] | 0.615 | 1131 |
| Urea, mg/dL | 41.0 [29.4;54.0] | 38.0 [28.0;49.0] | 41.0 [29.0;53.5] | 47.0 [32.3;63.0] | <0.001 | 1167 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 19.1 [13.6;25.2] | 17.7 [13.1;22.9] | 19.1 [13.6;24.8] | 21.9 [15.0;29.4] | <0.001 | 1164 |
| EGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 98.4 [82.5;107] | 102 [91.6;111] | 97.9 [79.8;107] | 94.0 [71.5;103] | <0.001 | 1316 |
| Procalcitonine, ng/mL | 0.18 [0.09;0.39] | 0.16 [0.09;0.29] | 0.20 [0.09;0.46] | 0.18 [0.10;0.42] | 0.018 | 920 |
| Ferritin, log | 3.09 [2.84;3.28] | 3.11 [2.90;3.28] | 3.09 [2.82;3.29] | 3.04 [2.81;3.26] | 0.064 | 767 |
| Arterial blood gas at ICU admission | ||||||
| Partial pressure of oxygen, daily, mmHg | 76.0 [62.2;98.0] | 75.9 [64.0;97.0] | 75.2 [62.0;97.0] | 78.0 [61.0;101] | 0.953 | 1134 |
| Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, daily, mmHg | 37.6 [33.0;44.0] | 37.0 [33.0;44.0] | 37.9 [33.0;44.0] | 38.0 [32.8;44.8] | 0.963 | 1136 |
| PaO2to FiO2ratio | 115 [84.0;166] | 110 [83.2;163] | 117 [86.2;170] | 119 [83.0;173] | 0.229 | 1122 |
| pH, daily | 7.43 [7.37;7.46] | 7.44 [7.38;7.47] | 7.43 [7.37;7.47] | 7.42 [7.36;7.45] | 0.006 | 1191 |
| Bicarbonate, daily, mmol/L | 24.5 [22.1;27.0] | 24.8 [22.9;27.0] | 24.6 [22.2;27.0] | 24.0 [21.3;26.8] | 0.005 | 1130 |
| Respiratory rate, rpm | 25.0 [22.0;31.0] | 26.0 [22.0;31.0] | 25.0 [22.0;31.0] | 25.0 [21.0;31.0] | 0.272 | 1242 |
| Worst arterial blood gas during ICU admission | ||||||
| PaO2to FiO2ratio (min) | 105 [76.6;143] | 100 [75.1;136] | 107 [77.7;146] | 103 [75.0;146] | 0.363 | 1216 |
| Partial pressure of oxygen, mmHg (min) | 64.0 [54.1;73.4] | 64.0 [54.5;73.3] | 64.0 [54.6;73.2] | 64.0 [54.0;74.0] | 0.839 | 1257 |
| Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, mmHg (max) | 45.3 [39.0;52.0] | 45.0 [39.4;51.0] | 45.7 [38.9;52.0] | 46.0 [40.0;53.0] | 0.494 | 1254 |
| pH (min) | 7.38 [7.33;7.43] | 7.39 [7.34;7.43] | 7.38 [7.33;7.43] | 7.37 [7.32;7.42] | 0.002 | 1284 |
| Bicarbonate, mmol/L (min) | 23.1 [21.0;25.3] | 23.4 [21.4;25.3] | 23.1 [21.0;25.2] | 22.7 [20.4;25.2] | 0.004 | 1254 |
| Scores | ||||||
| APACHE score | 10.0 [8.00;13.0] | 9.50 [7.00;12.0] | 11.0 [8.00;14.0] | 11.0 [9.00;15.0] | <0.001 | 855 |
| SOFA score | 4.00 [3.00;7.00] | 4.00 [3.00;6.00] | 4.00 [3.00;7.00] | 5.00 [3.00;7.00] | 0.004 | 972 |
Abbreviations: DLCO, lung diffusing capacity; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; EGFR, Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate. Note: significant p-values are shown in bold. Univariate analysis was performed with available data.