Table 2.

Risk factors associated with CCHF exposure in animals

Risk factor	Attribute	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis	P-value
		Odds ratio (95% CI)	P-value	Odds ratio (95% CI)
Sub-county	Kaliro	Ref		Ref
	Kasagama	0.31 (0.08–1.24)	0.099	–	–
	Kinuanka	1.38 (0.14–13.83)		–	–
	Lyakajjula	0.42 (0.09–1.86)		–	–
	Lyantonde TC	–		–	–
Livestock production system	Tethering/communal	Ref		Ref
	Fence/paddock	3.64 (1.15–11.50)	0.028	2.89 (0.81–10.32)	0.102
	Pastoralism	9.85(2.43–39.76)	0.001	6.02 (1.34–27.09)	0.019
Animal species	Goats	Ref		Ref
	Cattle	1.89 (0.69–5.18)	0.214	–	–
Animal breed	Indigenous	Ref		Ref
	Crossbreed	1.03 (0.12–8.53)	0.975	–	–
Animal sex	Male	Ref
	Female	9.93 (3.05–32.34)	< 0.0001	9.42 (2.29–38.71)	0.002
Animal age	< 2 years	Ref		Ref
	2–4 years	1.52 (0.46–5.19)	0.501	–	–
	> 4 years	4.69 (1.24–17.71)	0.023	–	–
Herd size	< 100	Ref
	100–200	1.98 (0.48–5.29)	0.444
	> 200	0.49 (0.12–1.98)	0.321
Animal body temperature	≤ 38 °C	Ref
	38.1–39.2 °C	0.95 (0.33–2.74)	0.918	1.20 (0.37–3.86)	0.763
	≥ 39.3 °C	4.17 (0.48–35.94)	0.194	10.82 (0.93–125.82)	0.057
Tick infestation	No tick	Ref
	< 50 ticks	1.21 (0.13–11.63)	0.866	–	–
	> 50 ticks	0.57 (0.05–6.61)	0.654	–	–

Logistic regression results for risk factors associated with CCHF seropositivity in animals (significant associations at P < 0.05)

Ref indicates the reference variable for the characteristics listed

Dash (–) denotes variables dropped out of the final model because their probability entries were higher than 0.1