Fig. 5.

SS-31 attenuates lysosomal membrane permeabilization after SCI. A–C Protein levels of A CTSB, B CTSD and C CTSL in the cytoplasm and lysosomes extracted from the spinal cords of the Sham, SCI, and SCI + SS-31 groups. The lysosomal membrane protein LAMP1 was used to identify the lysosomal fraction and as a loading control. GAPDH was used to identify the cytosolic fraction and as a loading control. D–F Quantification of the protein levels of D CTSB, E CTSD and F CTSL in the cytoplasm and lysosomes extracted from the spinal cord. G IF staining of NeuN and CTSL in the anterior horns of the spinal cords from the Sham, SCI, and SCI + SS-31 groups on postoperative day 3 (scale bar = 25 μm). The white arrow indicates a neuron with diffuse CTSL. H Comparison of the ratios of diffuse CTSL cells in the anterior horn of the spinal cord among the three groups. I cPLA2 and p-cPLA2 protein levels in the spinal cords from the three groups on postoperative day 3. J–K Quantification of the total level, phosphorylated level and ratio of cPLA2 in the spinal cord. L–M IF staining of NeuN and p-cPLA2 in the anterior horns of the spinal cords from three groups on postoperative day 3 (scale bar = 25 μm). The quantitative integrated density of p-cPLA2 in each neuron is shown on the graph. The data are shown as the mean ± SEM. n = 5. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. ns indicates no significance