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. 2023 Jan 7;20:6. doi: 10.1186/s12974-023-02690-4

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 7 — SS-31 inhibits pyroptosis and enhances autophagy by downregulating cPLA2. A–C Representative double-IF images for Caspase-1/NeuN and NLRP3/NeuN in spinal cord lesions from all groups (SCI + AAV-Blank, SCI + AAV-Pla2g4a, SCI + SS-31 + AAV-Blank, SCI + SS-31 + AAV-Pla2g4a groups) at 3 dpi (scale bar = 25 μm). The quantitative integrated density of Caspase-1 and NLRP3 in each neuron is shown on the graph. D–F Representative double-IF images for LC3/NeuN and p62/NeuN in spinal cord lesions from all groups (the SCI + AAV-Blank, SCI + AAV-Pla2g4a, SCI + SS-31 + AAV-Blank, SCI + SS-31 + AAV-Pla2g4a groups) at 3 dpi (scale bar = 25 μm). The number of LC3 II puncta and the quantitative integrated density of p62 in each neuron is shown on the graph. G Typical images of WB analyses of Caspase-1, GSDMD-N, NLRP3, NLRP1, ASC, IL-1β, IL-18, p62, and LC3 II in the impaired spinal cord. GAPDH was utilized as a loading control. H Quantification results of the related protein levels in the indicated groups. The data are shown as the mean ± SEM. n = 5. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. ns indicates no significance