Table 5.

Effects of isoflavone exposure on BMI (kg/m²) by intention-to-treat analysis or by isoflavone excretion rates and analyzed by linear mixed effects models.

Analysis	Effect	Model 1†			Model 2†			Model 3†			Model 4†
		Isoflavones			Model 1, Calcium (Ca2+)			Model 2, Isoflavones × Ca2+			Model 3, Age at entry, Race
		β-Estimate (SE)		p value	β-Estimate (SE)		p value	β-Estimate (SE)		p value	β-Estimate (SE)		p value
Intention-to-Treat (97 placebo, 97 isoflavone)	Treatment	−0.655	(0.889)	0.462	−0.632	(0.888)	0.478	−0.721	(0.886)	0.417	−1.222	(0.838)	0.146
	Duration	0.163	(0.097)	0.093	0.206	(0.097)	0.035	0.169	(0.096)	0.080	0.169	(0.096)	0.080
	Treatment × Duration	0.188	(0.137)	0.171	0.191	(0.134)	0.154	0.298	(0.139)	0.033	0.295	(0.139)	0.035
	Ca2+				−0.503	(0.266)	0.059	−0.014	(0.343)	0.967	−0.041	(0.342)	0.905
	Treatment × Ca2+							−1.248	(0.539)	0.022	−1.193	(0.539)	0.028
Urinary Excretion (67 placebo, 68 isoflavone)	Daidzein (DE)	0.169	(0.166)	0.311	0.199	(0.167)	0.236	0.237	(0.164)	0.150	0.230	(0.164)	0.162
	Ca2+				−0.545	(0.268)	0.043	−0.696	(0.266)	0.009	−0.691	(0.265)	0.010
	DE×Ca2+							−1.773	(0.519)	0.001	−1.750	(0.519)	0.001
	Genistein (GE)	0.268	(0.577)	0.643	0.396	(0.583)	0.498	0.451	(0.570)	0.430	0.435	(0.569)	0.445
	Ca2+				−0.539	(0.269)	0.047	−0.669	(0.266)	0.013	−0.664	(0.266)	0.013
	GE×Ca2+							−5.749	(1.723)	0.001	−5.658	(1.722)	0.001
	DE + GE	0.120	(0.132)	0.365	0.145	(0.133)	0.275	0.173	(0.130)	0.184	0.168	(0.130)	0.197
	Ca2+				−0.545	(0.268)	0.043	−0.698	(0.266)	0.009	−0.692	(0.265)	0.010
	(DE + GE)×Ca2+							−1.405	(0.406)	0.001	−1.386	(0.406)	0.001
	DE − GE	0.258	(0.220)	0.244	0.291	(0.221)	0.190	0.343	(0.218)	0.117	0.334	(0.218)	0.127
	Ca2+				−0.542	(0.267)	0.044	−0.684	(0.266)	0.011	−0.679	(0.265)	0.011
	(DE − GE)×Ca2+							−2.276	(0.703)	0.001	−2.250	(0.703)	0.002

^†All models included duration (year) on supplement. Results of effects of duration, age at entry, and race are not shown. DE, GE, and Ca²⁺ were mean-centered.