Table 2.
Laboratory examination of participants stratified according to AF status.
| Characteristic | Sinus rhythm (n = 110) | Paroxysmal AF(n = 113) | Pa value | Persistent AF(n = 136) | Pb value | Pc value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RBC (109/l) | 4.7 (4.4–5.0) | 4.7 (4.4–5.0) | 0.712 | 4.8 (4.5–5.2) | 0.014 | 0.033 |
| WBC (109/l) | 6.5 (5.6–7.7) | 6.4 (5.7–7.6) | 0.872 | 6.6 (5.5–7.5) | 0.844 | 0.827 |
| PLT (1012/l) | 237.5 (206.0–281.0) | 215.0 (184.0–246.0) | 0.001 | 210.0 (178.5–243.5) | <0.001 | 0.393 |
| Hb (g/l) | 144.0 (135.0–155.0) | 148.0 (139–160) | 0.012 | 152.0 (142.0–162.0) | <0.001 | 0.155 |
| CREA (umol/l) | 62.1 (52.4–75.2) | 69.9 (59.8–80.2) | 0.001 | 74.0 (63.6–82.9) | <0.001 | 0.116 |
| GLU (mmol/l) | 5.2 (4.9–5.8) | 5.5 (5.1–6.1) | 0.004 | 5.5 (5.1–6.6) | <0.001 | 0.190 |
| GA (%) | 13.4 (12.4–14.8) | 14.1 (13.3–15.3) | 0.013 | 14.3 (13.0–15.9) | 0.008 | 0.651 |
| HCY (umol/l) | 11.8 (9.2–14.1) | 12.6 (10.7–15.2) | 0.059 | 13.7 (11.7–17.8) | <0.001 | 0.015 |
| TIMP-1 (ng/ml) | 67.4 (56.9–81.3) | 89.7 (70.6–115.5) | <0.001 | 127.3 (87.0–173.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| sST2 (pg/ml) | 9.1 (6.7–12.4) | 14.0 (10.4–20.8) | <0.001 | 19.0 (13.1–27.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| BNP (pg/ml) | 32.0 (10.0–74.0) | 67.0 (32.0–123.0) | <0.001 | 125.0 (87.0–215.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/l) | 18.5 (14.0–29.0) | 21.0 (16.0–29.0) | 0.222 | 21.0 (15.5–29.0) | 0.303 | 0.766 |
| AST (U/l) | 21.5 (18.0–26.0) | 22.0 (18.0–26.0) | 0.549 | 22.0 (18.0–28.0) | 0.253 | 0.585 |
| GGT | 23.0 (16.0–40.0) | 26.0 (18.0–37.0) | 0.272 | 30.5 (22.0–39.0) | 0.009 | 0.122 |
| TP (g/l) | 74.9 (70.8–77.4) | 71.4 (67.0–75.4) | <0.001 | 72.7 (68.8–75.8) | 0.003 | 0.189 |
| Alb (g/l) | 47.0 (44.1–49.4) | 45.3 (42.5–47.8) | 0.002 | 44.9 (42.6–47.3) | <0.001 | 0.513 |
| Glo (g/l) | 27.6 (24.1–30.1) | 26.2 (23.1–28.7) | 0.026 | 27.3 (25.0–30.2) | 0.772 | 0.010 |
| Tbil (umol/l) | 10.9 (8.1–14.6) | 12.8 (9.9–16.8) | 0.001 | 14.3 (10.9–20.0) | <0.001 | 0.029 |
| Dbil (umol/l) | 3.0 (2.3–4.0) | 3.5 (2.5–4.5) | 0.099 | 4.4 (3.2–6.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Ibil (umol/l) | 8.0 (4.8–10.9) | 10.0 (6.9–12.8) | 0.001 | 10.3 (6.8–14.0) | <0.001 | 0.532 |
| LDH (U/l) | 183 (160–208.0) | 183.0 (159.0–208.0) | 0.810 | 194.0 (174.5–219.5) | 0.012 | 0.004 |
| TG (mmol/l) | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) | 1.5 (1.0–2.3) | 0.103 | 1.2 (0.9–1.8) | 0.800 | 0.031 |
| Tcho (mmol/l) | 4.7 (3.9–5.5) | 4.4 (3.9–5.2) | 0.176 | 4.2 (3.7–4.9) | 0.001 | 0.048 |
| sdLDLc | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 0.207 | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 0.510 | 0.057 |
| LDL-c (mmol/l) | 3.0 (2.3–3.5) | 2.7 (2.1–3.4) | 0.415 | 2.4 (1.7–3.1) | 0.002 | 0.022 |
| HDL-c (mmol/l) | 1.2 (1.1–1.5) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 0.001 | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 0.089 | 0.109 |
| hs-CRP (mg/l) | 1.0 (0.5–1.9) | 0.8 (0.5–1.9) | 0.871 | 1.2 (0.6–3.1) | 0.019 | 0.022 |
| D-dimer (ng/ml) | 83.0 (52.0–120.0) | 73.0 (44.0–106.0) | 0.187 | 71 (40.0–133.0) | 0.408 | 0.807 |
| FDP (ug/ml) | 0.4 (0.1–0.7) | 0.4 (0–0.7) | 0.453 | 0.3 (0–0.8) | 0.939 | 0.583 |
| FIB (g/l) | 2.9 (2.5–3.3) | 3.0 (2.5–3.4) | 0.391 | 3 (2.7–3.4) | 0.105 | 0.527 |
| HCT (%) | 42.1 (39.4–44.6) | 42.1 (40.5–44.7) | 0.379 | 43.4 (41.3–46.0) | 0.001 | 0.011 |
| MCV (fl) | 88.6 (86.2–90.7) | 90.3 (88.1–92.5) | 0.001 | 90.5 (88.1–92.9) | 0.001 | 0.752 |
| MCH (pg) | 30.5 (29.8–31.7) | 31.7 (30.7–32.8) | <0.001 | 31.3 (30.5–32.6) | <0.001 | 0.162 |
| MCHC (g/l) | 342.5 (334.0–352.0) | 351.0 (341.0–360.0) | <0.001 | 344.0 (337.5–356.0) | 0.186 | 0.017 |
| RDW-SD (fl) | 41.8 (40.4–43.5) | 42.3 (41.0–44.4) | 0.065 | 42.7 (41.4–45.1) | 0.004 | 0.245 |
| RDW-CV (%) | 13.0 (12.6–13.4) | 13.0 (12.7–13.4) | 0.811 | 13.1 (12.7–13.6) | 0.145 | 0.222 |
| MPV (fl) | 10.7 (10.0–11.4) | 10.6 (10.1–11.3) | 0.930 | 10.7 (10.0–11.1) | 0.378 | 0.489 |
| PCT (%) | 0.3 (0.2–0.3) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 0.001 | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | <0.001 | 0.333 |
| PDW (%) | 13.2 (12.0–15.2) | 12.5 (11.6–14.3) | 0.043 | 13.3 (11.8–15.4) | 0.898 | 0.032 |
| PLCR | 30.2 (24.8–36.6) | 29.4 (25.4–35.5) | 0.665 | 29.8 (24.9–34.1) | 0.276 | 0.619 |
WBC: white blood cell; RBC: red blood cell; PLT: platelet count; Hb: hemoglobin; UA: uric acid; CREA: creatinine; Glu: fasting blood glucose; GA: glycated albumin; HCY: homocysteine; TIMP-1: tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1; sST2: soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2; BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate transaminase; TP: total protein; Alb: albumin; Glo: globulin; Tbil: total bilirubin; Dbil: direct bilirubin; Ibil: indirect bilirubin; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; TG: triacylglycerol; Tcho: total cholesterol; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LP(a): lipoprotein(a); FFA: free fatty acid; C1q: anti-complement 1q antibody; hs-CRP: high-sensitivityC-reactive protein; FDP: fibrinogen degradation products; FIB: fibrinogen; HCT: hematocrit; MCV: mean red blood cell volume; MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; RDW-SD: red blood cell distribution width-standard deviation; RDW-CV: red blood cell distribution width-cell volume; MPV: mean platelet volume; PCT: platelet hematocrit; PDW: platelet distribution width; Pa: paroxysmal vs. control, Pb: persistent vs. control, and Pc: persistent vs. paroxysmal.