Table 3.
Logistic Regression Results for the Odds of COVID-19 Severity Outcomes by Smoking Status, Among KPNC Members with PCR-Confirmed COVID-19 (N = 44,270).
| Smoking Status | Never | Current | Former |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 33,791 | 1836 | 8643 |
| Hospitalization | |||
| Prevalence (95% CI)* | 75 (72, 78) | 61 (50, 72) | 158 (150, 165) |
| Unadjusted, OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.80 (0.66, 0.97) | 2.30 (2.14, 2.47) |
| Model 1, aOR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.82 (0.67, 1.01) | 1.26 (1.17, 1.37) |
| Model 2, aOR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.80 (0.65, 0.98) | 1.25 (1.15, 1.35) |
| Model 3, aOR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.79 (0.64, 0.98) | 1.12 (1.03, 1.21) |
| Model 4, aOR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.78 (0.63, 0.96) | 1.10 (1.01, 1.19) |
| ICU admission | |||
| Prevalence (95% CI)* | 15 (14, 17) | 17 (12, 24) | 37 (33, 41) |
| Unadjusted, OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.13 (0.79, 1.63) | 2.44 (2.12, 2.81) |
| Model 1, aOR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.13 (0.78, 1.63) | 1.30 (1.12, 1.52) |
| Model 2, aOR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.09 (0.76, 1.58) | 1.28 (1.10, 1.49) |
| Model 3, aOR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.10 (0.76, 1.60) | 1.10 (0.94, 1.29) |
| Model 4, aOR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.09 (0.75, 1.59) | 1.09 (0.94, 1.28) |
| Death | |||
| Prevalence (95% CI)* | 9 (8, 10) | 6 (4, 11) | 34 (30, 38) |
| Unadjusted, OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.72 (0.40, 1.28) | 3.83 (3.26, 4.50) |
| Model 1, aOR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.95 (0.52, 1.73) | 1.43 (1.19, 1.72) |
| Model 2, aOR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.95 (0.52, 1.73) | 1.44 (1.20, 1.73) |
| Model 3, aOR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.85 (0.46, 1.58) | 1.25 (1.04, 1.51) |
| Model 4, aOR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.84 (0.45, 1.56) | 1.24 (1.03, 1.49) |
Notes: aOR = adjusted odds ratio; BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; NDI = neighborhood deprivation index; OR = odds ratio; Bold = significant at p < .05. Missing BMI (n = 817, 1.8%) was included as a category in all analyses.
Prevalence per 1,000 persons.
Model 1: age, sex, race, service area.
Model 2: age, sex, race, service area, Medicaid, NDI.
Model 3 (fully adjusted): age, sex, race, service area, Medicaid, NDI, BMI, hypertension, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, dysrhythmias, renal disease, diabetes.
Model 4 (extended model): age, sex, race, service area, Medicaid, NDI, BMI, hypertension, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, dysrhythmias, renal disease, diabetes, any respiratory condition.