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. 2023 Jan 7;13:367. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-27248-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Resection of the electrode contacts where fast ripples (FR) on oscillations propagate from does not reliably correlate with post-operative seizure outcome. (A) an example of a fast ripple on oscillation propagation event from the intracranial EEG (iEEG) recorded from the contact in the blue trace to that from the contact in the red trace. All FR in the contact in red reliably followed those FR from the contact in blue (sign test, p < 0.005). (B) Stacked grouped bar graph of the correlation of outcome in individual patients with the number of contact pairs (i.e., edges) exhibiting FR propagation that were resected or left intact. Only a small minority of the patients exhibited FR propagation and complete resection of FR propagation sites did not correlate with seizure free outcome in any of the patients.