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. 2023 Jan 7;14:109. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-35780-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a An illustration depicting LSS-DRS measurements of the bile duct wall with the endoscopic light scattering spectroscopy system. A patient is positioned on an X-ray table and a duodenoscope with a cholangioscope placed inside the duodenoscope working channel is inserted into the duodenum. The miniature LSS-DRS fiber optic probe with the delivery fiber coupled to a broadband xenon light source and collection fibers coupled to three spectrometers is inserted into the working channel of a cholangioscope. b The LSS-DRS fiber optic probe is passed into the pancreaticobiliary system. c The probe illuminates a location of the internal bile duct epithelial lining and the spectra are acquired automatically when the probe is in close proximity to the bile duct wall.