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. 2023 Jan 7;14:109. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-35780-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Wire-guided biliary cannulation visualized using a duodenoscope. b X-ray image of the duodenoscope passing the ERCP catheter with LSS-DRS fiber probe into the pancreaticobiliary system, with the ERCP guidewire (orange arrow) extended to the intrahepatic duct. The radiopaque band at the distal end of the ERCP catheter, marked with a white arrow, provides a visual reference for positioning the LSS-DRS fiber probe. c Cholangioscope entering the pancreaticobiliary system via ampulla of Vater visualized with the duodenoscope. d LSS-DRS fiber probe, visualized using the cholangioscope, illuminates a location of the internal bile duct epithelial lining and the spectra is acquired.